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Crustaceans (from Latin meaning: "those with shells" or "crusted ones") are invertebrate animals that constitute one group of arthropods that are a part of the subphylum Crustacea (/ k r ə ˈ s t eɪ ʃ ə /), a large, diverse group of mainly aquatic arthropods including decapods (shrimps, prawns, crabs, lobsters and crayfish), seed shrimp, branchiopods, fish lice, krill, remipedes, isopods ...
Benton, M.J. (1998) "The quality of the fossil record of the vertebrates" Archived 25 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine Pages 269–303 in Donovan, S.K. and Paul, C.R.C. (eds), The adequacy of the fossil record. Wiley. ISBN 9780471969884. Cloutier, R. (2010). "The fossil record of fish ontogenies: Insights into developmental patterns and ...
Pteraspidomorphi is an extinct class of early jawless fish. The fossils show extensive shielding of the head. Many had hypocercal tails to generate lift to increase ease of movement through the water for their armoured bodies, which were covered in dermal bone. They also had sucking mouth parts and some species may have lived in fresh water ...
The paleontological sites of Lebanon have yielded many well-preserved fossils, including a wide variety of fish, crustaceans and even octopuses. [44] [45] [46] Terrestrial insects and reptiles (including pterosaurs and squamates) are also represented in the fossil finds from these deposits. [42] [47] [48]
They are small crustaceans, typically around 1 mm (0.04 in) in size, but varying from 0.2 to 30 mm (0.008 to 1 in) in the case of the marine Gigantocypris. The largest known freshwater species is Megalocypris princeps , which reach 8 mm in length.
Occasionally the bones of vertebrates are found, as well as the cartilaginous vertebrae of sharks. Fish scales and plant leaves are sometimes found as well . [7] The Coon Creek Formation has one of the highest densities of fossil in Eastern North America. [11] Crustacean fossils have also been unearthed in the Coon Creek Formation as well. [12]
A newfound fossil of a jawless fish is the oldest known vertebrate cranium preserved in 3D. The 455 million-year-old find could illuminate how vertebrate heads evolved.
The study of prehistoric fish is called paleoichthyology. A few living forms, such as the coelacanth are also referred to as prehistoric fish, or even living fossils, due to their current rarity and similarity to extinct forms. Fish which have become recently extinct are not usually referred to as prehistoric fish.