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• The elephant silhouettes are redrawn primarily from a photo by Ian Sewell, [4] with the female modified based on information and photos on Elephant Voices Blog. [5] [6] Newborn silhouette drawn from multiple images found online. • Humans scaled to 170 cm (5 ft 7 in) and 160 cm (5 ft 3 in) respectively.
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An elephant's skin is generally very tough, at 2.5 cm (1 in) thick on the back and parts of the head. The skin around the mouth, anus, and inside of the ear is considerably thinner. Elephants are typically grey, but African elephants look brown or reddish after rolling in coloured mud.
Tusks are primarily used to dig for roots and strip the bark from trees for food, for fighting each other during the mating season, and for defending themselves against predators. The tusks weigh from 23 to 45 kg (51–99 lb) and can be from 1.5 to 2.4 m (5–8 ft) long.
The earliest members of the modern genera of Elephantidae appeared during the latest Miocene–early Pliocene around 5 million years ago. The elephantid genera Elephas (which includes the living Asian elephant) and Mammuthus (mammoths) migrated out of Africa during the late Pliocene, around 3.6 to 3.2 million years ago. [17]
Sicily and Malta were inhabited by two successive waves of dwarf elephants derived from P. antiquus, which first arrived on the islands at least 500,000 years ago. The first of these species is P. falconeri, which is one of the smallest dwarf elephant species at around 1 metre (3.3 ft) tall, and was strongly modified from its ancestor in numerous aspects, which lived in a depauperate fauna ...
P. cf. mnaidriensis has nearly 90% body size reduction compared to its straight-tusked elephant ancestor, with one estimate giving a shoulder height of about 1.8 metres (5.9 ft) and a mean body weight of about 1,100 kilograms (2,400 lb). [1] Another estimate gives a shoulder height of 2 m (6.6 ft) and a weight of 1,700 kg (3,700 lb). [7]
The largest extant proboscidean is the African bush elephant, with a world record of size of 4 m (13.1 ft) at the shoulder and 10.4 t (11.5 short tons). [2] In addition to their enormous size, later proboscideans are distinguished by tusks and long, muscular trunks, which were less developed or absent in early proboscideans.