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Below is an animation of the piston motion equations with the same values of rod length and crank radius as in the graphs above Piston motion animation with the various half strokes from the graph above (using the same color code)
Diesel engines are used in aircraft, automobiles, power generation, diesel–electric locomotives, and both surface ships and submarines. The Diesel cycle is assumed to have constant pressure during the initial part of the combustion phase (to in the diagram, below). This is an idealized mathematical model: real physical diesels do have an ...
Free-piston engine used as a gas generator to drive a turbine. A free-piston engine is a linear, 'crankless' internal combustion engine, in which the piston motion is not controlled by a crankshaft but determined by the interaction of forces from the combustion chamber gases, a rebound device (e.g., a piston in a closed cylinder) and a load device (e.g. a gas compressor or a linear alternator).
p–V diagram for the ideal diesel cycle. The cycle follows the numbers 1–4 in clockwise direction. Most truck and automotive diesel engines use a cycle reminiscent of a four-stroke cycle, but with temperature increase by compression causing ignition, rather than needing a separate ignition system. This variation is called the diesel cycle.
IMEP may be determined by planimetering the area in an engine's pV-diagram. Since naturally aspirated four-stroke engines must perform pumping work to suck the charge into the cylinder, and to remove the exhaust from the cylinder, IMEP may be split into the high-pressure, gross mean effective pressure (GMEP, p m g {\displaystyle p_{mg}} ) and ...
In piston engines, static compression ratio is determined using the cylinder volume when the piston is at the top and bottom of its travel. The compression ratio is the ratio between the maximum and minimum volume during the compression stage of the power cycle in a piston or Wankel engine .
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A variation of the opposed-piston design is the free-piston engine, which was first patented in 1934. Free piston engines have no crankshaft, and the pistons are returned after each firing stroke by compression and expansion of air in a separate cylinder. Early applications were for use as an air compressor or as a gas generator for a gas turbine.