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Ebers–Moll model for an NPN transistor. [28] I B, I C and I E are the base, collector and emitter currents; I CD and I ED are the collector and emitter diode currents; α F and α R are the forward and reverse common-base current gains. Ebers–Moll model for a PNP transistor Approximated Ebers–Moll model for an NPN transistor in the ...
In a diode model two diodes are connected back-to-back to make a PNP or NPN bipolar junction transistor (BJT) equivalent. This model is theoretical and qualitative. This model is theoretical and qualitative.
[citation needed] For example, the internal structure of an NPN bipolar transistor resembles two P-N junction diodes connected together by a common anode. In normal operation the base-emitter junction does indeed form a diode, but in most cases it is undesirable for the base-collector junction to behave as a diode.
The current source transistor may be replaced with a resistor from the positive supply to the base of the inverter transistor, since discrete resistors are smaller and less expensive than discrete transistors. Similarly, the merged PNP current injector transistor and the NPN inverter transistor can be implemented as separate discrete components.
Alternately, if a germanium PNP device was used, it would have significantly different characteristics than the silicon NPN transistor. In the quasi-complementary topology, the performance of the lower pull pair, which uses a single NPN transistor, more closely matches the performance of the upper push pair, which consists of two NPN ...
p–n junctions represent the simplest case of a semiconductor electronic device; a p-n junction by itself, when connected on both sides to a circuit, is a diode. More complex circuit components can be created by further combinations of p-type and n-type semiconductors; for example, the bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a semiconductor in ...
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The BC548 is a part of a family of NPN and PNP epitaxial silicon transistors that originated with the metal-cased BC108 family of transistors.The BC548 is the modern plastic-packaged BC108; [6] the BC548 article at the Radiomuseum website [7] describes the BC548 as a successor to the BC238 and differing from the BC108 in only the shape of the package.