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  2. Tumor suppressor gene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_suppressor_gene

    A tumor suppressor gene (TSG), or anti-oncogene, is a gene that regulates a cell during cell division and replication. [1] If the cell grows uncontrollably, it will result in cancer . When a tumor suppressor gene is mutated, it results in a loss or reduction in its function.

  3. Tumor promotion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_promotion

    In order for a tumor cell to survive, it must decrease its expression of tumor suppressor genes such as p53, BRCA1, BRCA2, RB1, or the fas receptor. [4] [5] A tumor suppressor would trigger an apoptotic pathway in a cancer cell if there were DNA damage, polyploidy, or uncontrolled cell growth.

  4. The Hallmarks of Cancer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hallmarks_of_Cancer

    To tightly control cell division, cells have processes within them that prevent cell growth and division. These processes are orchestrated by proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes. These genes take information from the cell to ensure that it is ready to divide, and will halt division if not (when the DNA is damaged, for example). In cancer ...

  5. Netrin receptor DCC - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netrin_receptor_DCC

    13176 Ensembl ENSG00000187323 ENSMUSG00000060534 UniProt P43146 P70211 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005215 NM_007831 RefSeq (protein) NP_005206 NP_031857 Location (UCSC) Chr 18: 52.34 – 53.54 Mb Chr 18: 71.39 – 72.48 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Netrin receptor DCC, also known as DCC, or colorectal cancer suppressor is a protein which in humans is encoded by the DCC gene ...

  6. Hippo signaling pathway - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippo_signaling_pathway

    Many of the genes involved in the Hippo signaling pathway are recognized as tumor suppressors, while Yki/YAP/TAZ is identified as an oncogene. YAP/TAZ can reprogram cancer cells into cancer stem cells. [26] YAP has been found to be elevated in some human cancers, including breast cancer, colorectal cancer, and liver cancer.

  7. Bert Vogelstein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bert_Vogelstein

    His studies of various stages of colorectal cancers led him to propose a specific model for human tumorigenesis in 1988. In particular, he suggested that "cancer is caused by sequential mutations of specific oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes". [6] [7] [8] The first tumor suppressor gene validating this hypothesis was that encoding p53.

  8. Metastasis suppressor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metastasis_suppressor

    SDPR functions as a metastasis suppressor in breast cancer, potentially by priming cells to apoptosis. [8] Cancer cells suppress the gene via promoter DNA methylation hence exemplifies the significance of epigenetic changes in cancer progression. [9] [10] KISS1 is found in melanoma and breast cancers. It acts by synthesizing a protein receptor.

  9. Two-hit hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-hit_hypothesis

    Under this model, cancer arises as the result of a single, isolated event, rather than the slow accumulation of multiple mutations. [4] The exact function of some tumor suppressor genes is not currently known (e.g. MEN1, WT1), [5] but based on these genes following the Knudson "two-hit" hypothesis, they are strongly presumed to be suppressor genes.