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Female alder catkins after shedding their seeds Alnus serrulata male catkins. Alders are trees of the genus Alnus in the birch family Betulaceae.The genus includes about 35 species [2] of monoecious trees and shrubs, a few reaching a large size, distributed throughout the north temperate zone with a few species extending into Central America, as well as the northern and southern Andes.
The common alder is the foodplant of the larvae of a number of different butterflies and moths [22] and is associated with over 140 species of plant-eating insect. [21] The tree is also a host to a variety of mosses and lichens which particularly flourish in the humid moist environment of streamside trees.
The scientific name originates from alnus which is an old name for alder; serrulata points to the finely-toothed leaf margins which it possesses. It takes about 10 yrs to mature. The plant prefers moist soil near streams, pond margins, and riversides. It usually has multiple stems from its base and reddish-green flowers.
Alnus maritima, the seaside alder or brook alder, is a species of shrub or small tree in the family Betulaceae. [1] Alnus maritima is endemic to the United States, and is found naturally in three disjunct populations in Oklahoma , Georgia , and in Maryland and Delaware on the Delmarva Peninsula .
Alnus nepalensis is a large deciduous alder with silver-gray bark that reaches up to 30 m in height and 60 cm in diameter. The leaves are alternate, simple, shallowly toothed, with prominent veins parallel to each other, 7–16 cm long and 5–10 cm broad.
Alnus nitida, the west Himalayan alder, is a species in the genus Alnus, native to Pakistan, the western Himalayas, and Nepal. [3] It is a tree reaching 20 to 25 m, preferring to live along the banks of rivers. It is used locally for timber and firewood, and as a street tree. [4] The bark is used in some places for tanning and dyeing purposes. [5]
Alnus rubra is the largest species of alder in North America and one of the largest in the world, reaching heights of 20 to 30 metres (66 to 98 ft). The official tallest red alder (as of 1979) stands 32 m (105 ft) tall in Clatsop County, Oregon (US). [7]
Alnus orientalis, the Oriental alder, is a deciduous, [2] short-lived [3] species of alder (Alnus). It grows up to 50 meters high, and is native to Cyprus and Cilicia . [ 4 ] Its catkins are brown, and bloom from January to March. [ 2 ]