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  2. Portable water purification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_water_purification

    Two drops of 5% solution also suffices. Double the amount of bleach if the water is cloudy, colored, or very cold. Afterwards, the water should have a slight chlorine odor. If not repeat the dosage and let stand for another 15 minutes before use. After this treatment, the water may be left open to reduce the chlorine smell and taste. [22] [6]

  3. Biofilter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilter

    These biological treatment systems effectively reduce water-borne diseases, dissolved organic carbon, turbidity and color in surface water, thus improving overall water quality. Typically in drinking water treatment; granular activated carbon or sand filters are used to prevent re-growth of microorganisms in water distribution pipes by reducing ...

  4. Kelvin bridge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelvin_bridge

    A Kelvin bridge, also called a Kelvin double bridge and in some countries a Thomson bridge, is a measuring instrument used to measure unknown electrical resistors below 1 ohm. It is specifically designed to measure resistors that are constructed as four terminal resistors.

  5. Surface chemistry of cooking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_chemistry_of_cooking

    The oil layer is the method of heat transfer between the burner and the food. Water vapor is a critical component of how pan frying works. Raw meat products contain up to 73% water. [4] The meat is cooked by the evaporation of this water. When the water is vaporized it leaves the meat through pores in the surface of the meat.

  6. Green bridge (filtration system) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Bridge_(filtration...

    This food web is nothing but utilization of one's waste by another as its own food. Nature has her own living machinery of detritivorous microbes and other living species to consume wastes. These principles have been harnessed in the treatment of polluted streams. [citation needed] Green bridges are developed using fibrous material with stones.

  7. Membrane technology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_technology

    Water treatment is any process that improves the quality of water to make it more acceptable for a specific end-use. Membranes can be used to remove particulates from water by either size exclusion or charge separation. [19] In size exclusion, the pores in the membrane are sized such that only particles smaller than the pores can pass through ...

  8. Diatomaceous earth filtration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diatomaceous_earth_filtration

    Pressure filter systems have a water inlet and outlet with the inlet site at the top and the water outlet at the base of the filter. As the water flows through water inlet, it will encounters a grid assembly covered in synthetic cloth which provides support for the diatomaceous earth cake. [ 19 ]

  9. Microfiltration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microfiltration

    A short shutdown period (approximately 1 hour) during the first flush of a river after rainfall (in water treatment applications) to reduce cleaning costs in the initial period. The use of more cost effective cleaning chemicals where suitable (sulphuric acid instead of citric/ phosphoric acids.) The use of a flexible control design system.