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The new Austrian tunneling method (NATM), also known as the sequential excavation method (SEM) or sprayed concrete lining method [1] (SCL), is a method of modern tunnel design and construction employing sophisticated monitoring to optimize various wall reinforcement techniques based on the type of rock encountered as tunneling progresses.
Franz Pacher (28 April 1919 in Prostřední Suchá, present-day Czech Republic – 3 March 2018 in Salzburg, Austria [1]) was an Austrian civil engineer and a pioneer of modern tunneling. He is one of three men who are considered to be the chief developers of the new Austrian tunneling method (NATM). [2]
Drilling of the tunnel face anchors, Val di Sambro Tunnel, Italy. The Analysis of Controlled Deformation in Rocks and Soils, translated from Italian Analisi delle Deformazioni Controllate nelle Rocce e nei Suoli (ADECO-RS), also known as The New Italian Tunneling Method (NITM), [1] is a modern tunnel design and construction approach.
The Zheleznitsa Tunnel is a critical section of the Struma motorway, linking the Bulgarian capital Sofia with the Greek Aegean port of Thessaloniki. Built using the New Austrian tunneling method, it was opened for traffic on 20 February 2024. [3] The tunnel features four pedestrian crossings and two car crossings between the twin tubes.
The tunnel was constructed by a technique called the New Austrian Tunnelling method, a tunneling process developed in the early 1960s that has become the primary tunneling practice in Europe. This is the first time that this money-saving technique was used for transit construction in the United States.
The new Austrian tunnelling method (NATM)—also referred to as the Sequential Excavation Method (SEM) [35] —was developed in the 1960s. The main idea of this method is to use the geological stress of the surrounding rock mass to stabilize the tunnel, by allowing a measured relaxation and stress reassignment into the surrounding rock to ...
Ladislaus von Rabcewicz (June 12, 1893 in Kungota, nearby Maribor – December 19, 1975) was an Austrian engineer and university professor at the Vienna University of Technology. He is notable for being one of three men who developed the new Austrian tunneling method (NATM).
The main reason to build a motorway tunnel of such length was to protect the environment in the Kresna Gorge. The design works of the tunnel began in 2013. [1] The construction was expected to begin in 2016, [2] using the New Austrian Tunnelling method due to the diverse geology in the Kresna gorge, which makes the usage of TBM inapplicable. [3]