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Tiotropium is a muscarinic receptor antagonist, often referred to as an antimuscarinic or anticholinergic agent. Although it does not display selectivity for specific muscarinic receptors, when topically applied it acts mainly on M 3 muscarinic receptors [ 29 ] located on smooth muscle cells and submucosal glands.
Once bound to a β 2 receptor, an olodaterol molecule stays there for hours — its dissociation half-life is 17.8 hours — which allows for once-a-day administration of the drug [4] like with indacaterol. Other related compounds generally have a shorter duration of action and have to be administered twice daily (e.g., formoterol, salmeterol).
Oral administration of a liquid. In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. [1] Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Common examples include oral and intravenous administration ...
Respimat, also known as Respimat Soft Mist Inhaler, is a drug delivery device used for the treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and other respiratory conditions.
Routes of administration: Oral [1] Drug class: Muscarinic acetylcholine M 1 and M 4 receptor agonist [1] ML-007 is a selective muscarinic acetylcholine M 1 and M 4 ...
An anti-asthmatic agent, also known as an anti-asthma drug, refers to a drug that can aid in airway smooth muscle dilation to allow normal breathing during an asthma attack or reduce inflammation on the airway to decrease airway resistance for asthmatic patients, or both.
For comparison, M 3 dissociation half-lives of the related drugs ipratropium and tiotropium are 0.47 hours and 62.2 hours, respectively. [9] Its action at subtype M 3 at the smooth muscle of the bronchioles is responsible for its desired effect: it reduces contraction of these muscles and improves the airflow.
[3] [4] In this study, the combination was as effective as tiotropium plus a combination of beclometasone and formoterol at reducing the number of exacerbations. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] In the third study lasting a year, participants treated with the combination had 15% fewer exacerbations a year than participants treated with a combination of indacaterol ...