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Pseudomonas is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family Pseudomonadaceae in the class Gammaproteobacteria.The 348 members of the genus [2] [3] demonstrate a great deal of metabolic diversity and consequently are able to colonize a wide range of niches. [4]
Pseudomonas syringae—more than any mineral or other organism—is responsible for the surface frost damage in plants [25] exposed to the environment. For plants without antifreeze proteins, frost damage usually occurs between −4 and −12 °C (25 and 10 °F) as the water in plant tissue can remain in a supercooled liquid state.
Pseudomonas can, in rare circumstances, cause community-acquired pneumonias, [39] as well as ventilator-associated pneumonias, being one of the most common agents isolated in several studies. [40] Pyocyanin is a virulence factor of the bacteria and has been known to cause death in C. elegans by oxidative stress .
The word Pseudomonas means 'false unit', being derived from the Greek words pseudo (Greek: ψευδο 'false') and monas (Latin: monas, fr. Greek: μονάς/μονάδα 'a single unit'). The species name 'protegens' refers to the bacterium's ability to protect plants from soil-borne phytopathogens.
The type order is the Pseudomonadales, which include the genera Pseudomonas and the nitrogen-fixing Azotobacter, along with many others. Besides being a well-known pathogenic genus, Pseudomonas is also capable of biodegradation of certain materials, like cellulose. [36] The Hydrogenophilalia are thermophilic chemoheterotrophs and autotrophs. [39]
Pseudomonas alliicola (Burkholder 1942) Starr and Burkholder 1942 Burkholderia gladioli is a species of aerobic gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria [ 1 ] that causes disease in both humans and plants. It can also live in symbiosis with plants and fungi [ 2 ] and is found in soil, water, the rhizosphere, and in the microbiome of many animals.
Pseudomonas brassicacearum is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that infects the roots of Brassica napus, [1] from which it derives its name. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. brassicacearum falls within the P. fluorescens group. [2] It has also been shown to have both pathogenic and plant growth-promoting effects on tomato plants. [3]
Pseudomonas cichorii is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that is pathogenic to plants. It has a wide host range, and can have an important economical impact on lettuce, celery and chrysanthemum crops. [3] P. cichorii was first isolated on endives (Cichorium endivia), from which it derives its name. It produces 6-aminopenicillanic acid. [4]