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Hemorrhoids are fed by arteries and drained by veins. The arterial blood supply is based on the superior rectal (hemorrhoidal) artery. Just as veins in the leg weaken and become prominent, hemorrhoidal veins also may become varicose, resulting in internal hemorrhoids or “piles”. Internal hemorrhoids are divided into four grades.
Hemorrhoids (or haemorrhoids), also known as piles, are vascular structures in the anal canal. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] In their normal state, they are cushions that help with stool control. [ 2 ] They become a disease when swollen or inflamed ; the unqualified term hemorrhoid is often used to refer to the disease. [ 8 ]
PPH uses a circular stapler to reduce the degree of prolapse. The procedure avoids the need for wounds in the sensitive perianal area thus reducing post-operative pain considerably, and facilitates a speedier return to normal activities. This procedure is for internal hemorrhoids only and not for external hemorrhoids or anal fissures. [2] [3] [4]
Preparation H is an American brand of medications that is made by Pfizer, used in the treatment of hemorrhoids.Hemorrhoids are caused at least in part by inflamed blood vessels, and most versions of Preparation H work by reducing inflammation in blood vessels.
Ligation of hemorrhoids was first recorded by Hippocrates in 460 BC, who wrote about using thread to tie off hemorrhoids. [5]In modern history, ligation using rubber band was introduced in 1958 by Blaisdell and refined in 1963 by Barron, who introduced a mechanical, metal device called the Barron ligator (similar to the McGivney).
A medication is injected into the vessels, which makes them shrink. It is used for children and young adults with vascular or lymphatic malformations. In adults, sclerotherapy is often used to treat spider veins, smaller varicose veins, hemorrhoids, [2] and hydroceles. [3]
Andries van Wezel (31 December 1514 – 15 October 1564), latinised as Andreas Vesalius (/ v ɪ ˈ s eɪ l i ə s /), [2] [a] was an anatomist and physician who wrote De Humani Corporis Fabrica Libri Septem (On the fabric of the human body in seven books), which is considered one of the most influential books on human anatomy and a major advance over the long-dominant work of Galen.
Micrograph of melanosis coli, with the characteristic mucosal lipofuscin-laden macrophages (brown).. Melanosis coli, also pseudomelanosis coli, is a disorder of pigmentation of the wall of the colon, often identified at the time of colonoscopy.