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  2. Chest reconstruction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chest_reconstruction

    One of the most common chest reconstructive procedures, double incision involves an incision above and below the breast mass, the removal of the fatty and glandular tissue, and the closure of the skin. This method leaves scars under the pectoral muscles, stretching from the underarms to the medial pectoral. [citation needed]

  3. Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimally_invasive_direct...

    MIDCAB is sometimes referred to as "keyhole" heart surgery because the operation is analogous to operating through a keyhole. MIDCAB is a form of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (OPCAB), performed "off-pump" – without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (the heart-lung machine).

  4. Laparoscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laparoscopy

    Rather than a minimum 20 cm incision as in traditional (open) cholecystectomy, four incisions of 0.5–1.0 cm, or, beginning in the second decade of the 21st century, a single incision of 1.5–2.0 cm, [5] will be sufficient to perform a laparoscopic removal of a gallbladder. Since the gallbladder is similar to a small balloon that stores and ...

  5. Arthroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthroscopy

    Arthroscopy (also called arthroscopic or keyhole surgery) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure on a joint in which an examination and sometimes treatment of damage is performed using an arthroscope, an endoscope that is inserted into the joint through a small incision.

  6. Crown (dental restoration) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown_(dental_restoration)

    In dentistry, a crown or a dental cap is a type of dental restoration that completely caps or encircles a tooth or dental implant. A crown may be needed when a large dental cavity threatens the health of a tooth. Some dentists will also finish root canal treatment by covering the exposed tooth with a crown.

  7. Enamel prism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enamel_prism

    In cross-section, it is best compared to a complex “keyhole” or a “fish-like” shape. The head, which is called the prism core, is oriented toward the tooth’s crown; The tail, which is called the prism sheath, is oriented toward the tooth cervical margin. The prism core has tightly packed hydroxyapatite crystals.

  8. Surgical incision - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgical_incision

    Maylard incision – A variation of Pfannenstiel incision is the Maylard incision in which the rectus abdominis muscles are sectioned transversally to permit wider access to the pelvis. [6] The Maylard incision is also called the Mackenrodt incision. The incision in the rectus muscles is performed with the help of cautery, scalpel or surgical ...

  9. Hall Technique - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hall_Technique

    Crowns placed using the Hall Technique have better long term outcomes (pain/infection and need for replacement) compared with standard fillings. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] The technique has been used and found particularly valuable in a developing country with little access to dental services, or resources to support such services. [ 8 ]