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A 15th-century depiction of Jesus crucified between the two thieves. Crucifixion is a method of capital punishment in which the condemned is tied or nailed to a large wooden cross, beam or stake and left to hang until eventual death. [1] [2] It was used as a punishment by the Persians, Carthaginians, and Romans, [1] among others. Crucifixion ...
Two men were crucified at the same time as Jesus, one on his right and one on his left, [10] which the Gospel of Mark interprets as fulfillment of the prophecy of Isaiah 53:12 ("And he was numbered with the transgressors"). [11] According to the Gospels of Matthew and Mark, respectively, both of the thieves mocked Jesus; [12] Luke, however ...
For instance, only Matthew mentions an earthquake, resurrected saints who went to the city, and that Roman soldiers were assigned to guard the tomb, [30] while Mark is the only one to state the time of the crucifixion (the third hour, or 9 a.m. – although it was probably as late as noon) [31] and the centurion's report of Jesus's death. [32]
[9] [10] Scholars view it as establishing three separate facts about Rome around AD 60: (i) that there was a sizable number of Christians in Rome at the time, (ii) that it was possible to distinguish between Christians and Jews in Rome, and (iii) that at the time pagans made a connection between Christianity in Rome and its origin in Roman Judaea.
Crucifixion by Hans von Tübingen showing Saint Dismas the Good Thief on Christ's right (the left of the picture), and Gestas the Impenitent Thief on Christ's left with a devil. Depictions of the crucifixion of Jesus often show Jesus's head inclined to his right, showing his acceptance of the Good Thief.
The Koine Greek terms used in the New Testament of the structure on which Jesus died are stauros (σταυρός) and xylon (ξύλον).These words, which can refer to many different things, do not indicate the precise shape of the structure; scholars have long known that the Greek word stauros and the Latin word crux did not uniquely mean a cross, but could also be used to refer to one, and ...
Modern Roman Catholic churches and many Lutheran churches often have a crucifix above the altar on the wall; [10] for the celebration of Mass, the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church requires that "on or close to the altar there is to be a cross with a figure of Christ crucified". [11]
Flagellation at the hands of the Romans is mentioned in three of the four canonical Gospels: John 19:1, Mark 15:15, and Matthew 27:26, and was the usual prelude to crucifixion under Roman law. [5] None of the three accounts is more detailed than John's "Then Pilate took Jesus and had him flogged" (NIV).