Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
About 50% of CIN 2 cases will regress within two years without treatment. [citation needed] Progression to cervical carcinoma in situ (CIS) occurs in approximately 11% of CIN 1 and 22% of CIN 2 cases. Progression to invasive cancer occurs in approximately 1% of CIN 1, 5% of CIN 2, and at least 12% of CIN 3 cases.
The naming and histologic classification of cervical carcinoma precursor lesions has changed many times over the 20th century. The World Health Organization classification system was descriptive of the lesions, naming them mild, moderate, or severe dysplasia or carcinoma in situ (CIS).
Sometimes, the term "precancer" is also used for carcinoma in situ, which is a noninvasive cancer that has not grown and spread to nearby tissue, unlike the invasive stage. As with other precancerous conditions, not all carcinoma in situ will become an invasive disease but is at risk of doing so.
The cervix is divided into two parts based on the types of cells. The outer portion of the cervix is called the ectocervix, while the inner portion of the cervix is the endocervix. These two portions of the cervix have different types of cells. The area where the endocervix and ectocervix meet is known as the transformation zone.
The term carcinoma in situ may be used interchangeably with high-grade SIL. [8] Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast is the most common precancer in women. Bowen's disease is a squamous carcinoma in situ of the skin. Colon polyps often contain areas of CIS that will almost always transform into colon cancer if left untreated.
Of all women with HSIL results, 2% [8] or less [9] have invasive cervical cancer at that time, however about 20% would progress to having invasive cervical cancer without treatment. [ 10 ] [ needs update ] To combat this progression, HSIL is usually followed by an immediate colposcopy with biopsy to sample or remove the dysplastic tissue.
The loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) is one of the most commonly used approaches to treat high grade cervical dysplasia (CIN II/III, HGSIL) and early stage cervical cancer discovered on colposcopic examination. In the UK, it is known as large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ).
In general, treatment can include surgical resection, [39] chemotherapy, [40] radiation therapy, [41] or immunotherapy. [42] Recent medical advances have improved our understanding of the genetic basis of childhood cancers. Treatment options are expanding, and precision medicine for childhood cancers is a rapidly growing area of research. [43]