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E10 became the standard fuel at petrol stations in the United Kingdom as of September 2021. [10] E10 was introduced nationwide in Thailand in 2007, and replaced 91 octane pure gasoline in that country in 2013. [11] E10 is commonly available in the Midwestern United States.
Regular Unleaded Mid-Grade Unleaded Premium Unleaded Notes Alabama: 87 89 93 Alaska: 87 88.5 90 Arizona: 87 89 91 Arkansas: 87 89 91/93 Northwest Arkansas primarily sells 87/89/91 octane. 93 octane is available at select Kum & Go's in the Northwest and Central regions of the state. California: 87 89 91 Colorado: 85 87 91 Connecticut: 87 89 93
Australia: "regular" unleaded fuel is 91 RON, "premium" unleaded with 95 RON is widely available, and 98 RON fuel is also very common. Shell used to sell 100 RON fuel (5% ethanol content) from a small number of service stations, most of which are located in major cities (stopped in August 2008).
Burning E10 produces about 2.119 kilograms per liter (17.68 lb/U.S. gal) of CO 2 that is emitted from the fossil fuel content. If the CO 2 emissions from ethanol combustion are considered, then about 2.271 kilograms per liter (18.95 lb/U.S. gal) of CO 2 are produced when E10 is combusted. [78]
Scientific evidence reveals that water is an inhibitor for corrosion by ethanol. [6] The experiments are done with E50, which is more aggressive and speeds up the corrosion effect. It is very clear that by increasing the amount of water in fuel ethanol one can reduce corrosion. At 2% or 20,000 ppm water in the ethanol fuel the corrosion stopped.
In 2011, the three national NASCAR stock car series mandated a switch from gasoline to E15, a blend of Sunoco GTX unleaded racing fuel and 15% ethanol. [116] Australia's V8 Supercar championship uses Shell E85 for its racing fuel. Stock Car Brasil Championship runs on neat ethanol, E100. Ethanol fuel may also be utilized as a rocket fuel.
Due to ethanol's greater stability under pressure it is used by Shell in their 100 octane fuel. Similarly IFS add 10% ethanol to their 91 octane fuel, label it premium fuel and sell it more cheaply than regular unleaded. This is converse to the general practice of adding ethanol to a lesser quality fuel to bring its octane rating up to 91.
Sugarcane ethanol has an energy balance seven times greater than corn ethanol. [101] As of 2007, Brazilian distiller production costs were 22 cents per liter, compared with 30 cents per liter for corn-based ethanol. [102] Corn-derived ethanol costs 30% more because the corn starch must first be converted to sugar before distillation into ...