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Natural killer (NK) cells are a type of lymphocyte cell involved in the innate immune system's response to viral infection and tumor transformation of host cells. [20] [7] Like T cells, NK cells have many qualities characteristic of the adaptive immune system, including the production of “memory” cells that persist following encounter with antigens and the ability to create a secondary ...
In cell biology, a lymphokine-activated killer cell (also known as a LAK cell) is a white blood cell, consisting mostly of natural killer, natural killer T, and T cells that has been stimulated to kill tumor cells, but because of the function in which they activate, and the cells they can successfully target, they are classified as different than the classical natural killer and T lymphocyte ...
Natural killer cells, also known as NK cells, are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system.They are a kind of large granular lymphocytes [1] [2] (LGL), and belong to the rapidly expanding family of known innate lymphoid cells (ILC) and represent 5–20% of all circulating lymphocytes in humans. [3]
In cancers, a Killer Activation Receptor (KAR), located on the surface of the NK cell, binds to certain molecules which only appear on cells that are undergoing stress situations. In humans, this KAR is called NKG2D and the molecules it recognizes MICA and MICB. This binding provides a signal which induces the NK cell to kill the target cell. [9]
Natural killer cell enteropathy, also termed NK cell enteropathy (NKCE), and a closely related disorder, lymphomatoid gastropathy (LG), are non-malignant diseases in which one type of lymphocyte, the natural killer cell (i.e. NK cell), proliferates excessively in the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). [1]
Cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) cells are a group of immune effector cells featuring a mixed T- and natural killer (NK) cell-like phenotype.They are generated by ex vivo incubation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or cord blood mononuclear cells with interferon-gamma (), anti-CD3 antibody, recombinant human interleukin (IL)-1 and recombinant human interleukin (IL)-2.
The NK-92 cell line is an immortalised cell line that has the characteristics of a type of immune cell found in human blood called ’natural killer’ (NK) cells. Blood NK cells and NK-92 cells recognize and attack cancer cells as well as cells that have been infected with a virus , bacteria , or fungus . [ 1 ]
The ability of activated ex vivo NK cells has been a topic of interest for the treatment of tumors. After early clinical trials involving activation through cytokines produced poor results and severe toxicological side effects, more recent studies have produced success in regulating metastatic tumors using interleukin proteins to activate the ...