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  2. Elemental analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elemental_analysis

    Modern simultaneous CHNS combustion analyzer. Elemental analysis is a process where a sample of some material (e.g., soil, waste or drinking water, bodily fluids, minerals, chemical compounds) is analyzed for its elemental and sometimes isotopic composition.

  3. Isotope analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope_analysis

    Archaeological materials, such as bone, organic residues, hair, or sea shells, can serve as substrates for isotopic analysis. Carbon, nitrogen and zinc isotope ratios are used to investigate the diets of past people; these isotopic systems can be used with others, such as strontium or oxygen, to answer questions about population movements and cultural interactions, such as trade.

  4. Isotopic labeling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopic_labeling

    The blue circles indicate a labeled atom, while a white circle indicates an unlabeled atom. Metabolic flux analysis (MFA) using stable isotope labeling is an important tool for explaining the flux of certain elements through the metabolic pathways and reactions within a cell. An isotopic label is fed to the cell, then the cell is allowed to ...

  5. Flux balance analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux_balance_analysis

    To design optimal growth media with respect to enhanced growth rates or useful by-product secretion, it is possible to use a method known as Phenotypic Phase Plane analysis. PhPP involves applying FBA repeatedly on the model while co-varying the nutrient uptake constraints and observing the value of the objective function (or by-product fluxes).

  6. Molecular model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_model

    model of liquid water Robert Corey, Linus Pauling, Walter Koltun (CPK coloring) 1951 Space-filling models of alpha-helix, etc. Pauling's "Nature of the Chemical Bond" covered all aspects of molecular structure and influenced many aspects of models Francis Crick and James D. Watson: 1953 spikes, flat templates and connectors with screws model of DNA

  7. Atomic absorption spectroscopy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_absorption_spectroscopy

    The mercury, is then swept into a long-pass absorption tube by bubbling a stream of inert gas through the reaction mixture. The concentration is determined by measuring the absorbance of this gas at 253.7 nm. Detection limits for this technique are in the parts-per-billion range making it an excellent mercury detection atomization method.

  8. Adsorption - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adsorption

    Activated carbon is used for adsorption of organic substances [31] and non-polar adsorbates and it is also usually used for waste gas (and waste water) treatment. It is the most widely used adsorbent since most of its chemical (e.g. surface groups) and physical properties (e.g. pore size distribution and surface area) can be tuned according to ...

  9. Waste characterisation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waste_characterisation

    Waste characterisation (waste characterization US) is the process by which the composition of different waste streams is analysed. Waste characterisation plays an important part in any treatment of waste which may occur. Developers of new waste technologies must take into account what exactly waste streams consist of in order to fully treat the ...