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The IS curve also represents the equilibria where total private investment equals total saving, with saving equal to consumer saving plus government saving (the budget surplus) plus foreign saving (the trade surplus). The level of real GDP (Y) is determined along this line for each interest rate. Every level of the real interest rate will ...
The change in inventories brings saving and investment into balance without any intention by business to increase investment. [3] Also, the identity holds true because saving is defined to include private saving and "public saving" (actually public saving is positive when there is budget surplus, that is, public debt reduction).
I: national investment, G: government spending, EX: export, IM: import, EX－IM: current account. The national income identity can be rewritten as following: [2] + = where T is defined as tax. (Y-T-C) is savings of private sector and (T-G) is savings of government. Here, we define S as National savings (= savings of private sector + savings of ...
For instance, a $10,000 investment in a 5-year Treasury bond yielding 4.00% would pay you $200 every six months for a total of $400 annually, with your $10,000 returned after five years.
The sectoral balances equation says that total private savings minus private investment has to equal the public deficit (spending, minus taxes, ) plus net exports (exports minus imports ()), where net exports represent the net savings of non-residents.
In economics, a country's national saving is the sum of private and public saving. [ 1 ] : 187 It equals a nation's income minus consumption and the government spending. [ 1 ] : 174
Discretionary income is disposable income (after-tax income), minus all payments that are necessary to meet current bills. It is total personal income after subtracting taxes and minimal survival expenses (such as food, medicine, rent or mortgage, utilities, insurance, transportation, property maintenance, child support, etc.) to maintain a certain standard of living. [7]
Now, assume an economy already at potential output, meaning Y is fixed. In this case, if the budget deficit increases, and saving remains the same, then this last equation implies that either investment (I) must fall (see crowding out), or net exports (NX) must fall, causing a trade deficit. Hence, a budget deficit can also lead to a trade ...