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An accessory bile duct is a conduit that transports bile and is considered to be supernumerary or auxiliary to the biliary tree. [ 1 ] It may be described by its location relative to the gallbladder as supravesicular [ 2 ] [ 3 ] (superior to the gallbladder body) or subvesicular [ 4 ] [ 5 ] (inferior to the gallbladder body).
The lesser palatine canals start from the greater palatine canal, and run with them, also opening into the roof of the oral cavity.Their openings are known as the lesser palatine foramina, and they transmit the lesser palatine artery, vein, and nerve, as well as the middle palatine vessels and nerve.
Other variants include a bifid canal with a branch (~41%): [3] following the course of the main mandibular canal before re-joining it (forward or buccolingual type); terminating at the apex of a tooth, usually the molar teeth (dental type); opening as an accessory mental foramen. [4] A trifid mandibular canal variation has also been described ...
Intervertebral foramen, foramina formed between vertebrae; Lesser sciatic foramen, an opening between the pelvis and the posterior thigh; Obturator foramen, the opening created by the ischium and pubis bones of the pelvis; Vertebral foramen, the foramen formed by the anterior segment (the body), and the posterior part, the vertebral arch
The average size of the orifice is 0.3 to 0.4 mm in diameter. There can be two or more foramina separated by a portion of dentin and cementum or by cementum only. If more than one foramen is present on each root, the largest one is designated as the apical foramen and the rest are considered accessory foramina. [1] [2]
The accessory meningeal artery (also accessory branch of middle meningeal artery, pterygomeningeal artery, small meningeal or parvidural branch) is a branch of the maxillary artery that ascends through the foramen ovale to enter the cranial cavity and supply the dura mater of the floor of the middle cranial fossa and of the trigeminal cave, and to the trigeminal ganglion (representing the main ...
The posterior branch of the obturator artery is a small artery in the thigh and follows the posterior margin of the foramen and turns forward on the inferior ramus of the ischium, where it anastomoses with the anterior branch. It gives twigs to the muscles attached to the ischial tuberosity and anastomoses with the inferior gluteal artery.
Injury to the spinal accessory nerve is most commonly caused by medical procedures that involve the head and neck. [4] Injury can cause wasting of the shoulder muscles, winging of the scapula, and weakness of shoulder abduction and external rotation. [5] The accessory nerve is derived from the basal plate of the embryonic spinal segments C1 ...