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Restrictive lung diseases are a category of extrapulmonary, pleural, or parenchymal respiratory diseases that restrict lung expansion, [2] resulting in a decreased lung volume, an increased work of breathing, and inadequate ventilation and/or oxygenation. Pulmonary function test demonstrates a decrease in the forced vital capacity.
Exposure to coal dust is the cause of coalworker's pneumoconiosis, also called "black lung disease", is an interstitial lung disease caused by long-term exposure (over 10 years) to coal dust. Symptoms include shortness of breath and lowered pulmonary function. It can be fatal when advanced.
Complications may include pulmonary hypertension, respiratory failure, pneumothorax, and lung cancer. [2] Causes include environmental pollution, certain medications, connective tissue diseases, infections, and interstitial lung diseases. [1] [3] [6] But in most cases the cause is unknown (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis).
Respiratory diseases, or lung diseases, [1] are pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange difficult in air-breathing animals. They include conditions of the respiratory tract including the trachea , bronchi , bronchioles , alveoli , pleurae , pleural cavity , the nerves and muscles of respiration .
[1] [2] The three most common types are asbestosis, silicosis, and coal miner's lung. [3] Pneumoconiosis often causes restrictive impairment, [4] although diagnosable pneumoconiosis can occur without measurable impairment of lung function. [1] [2] Depending on extent and severity, it may cause death within months or years, or it may never ...
Signs of the underlying disease causing the fibrothorax are also occasionally seen on the X-ray. [6] A CT scan may show features similar to those seen on a plain X-ray. [7] Lung function testing typically demonstrates findings consistent with restrictive lung disease. [6]
Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) can generally reveal a restrictive pattern [1] however, either a restrictive or obstructive pattern (or both) may emerge on PFTs. PFTs, therefore, are less useful in making a diagnosis but rather tracking improvement or deterioration in lung function following removal or addition of suspected antigens. [3]
Byssinosis [n 1] is an occupational lung disease caused by inhalation of cotton or jute dust in inadequately ventilated working environments and can develop over time with repeated exposure. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Byssinosis commonly occurs in textile workers who are employed in yarn and fabric manufacture industries.