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Under this model, cancer arises as the result of a single, isolated event, rather than the slow accumulation of multiple mutations. [4] The exact function of some tumor suppressor genes is not currently known (e.g. MEN1, WT1), [5] but based on these genes following the Knudson "two-hit" hypothesis, they are strongly presumed to be suppressor genes.
In their landmark paper, The Hallmarks of Cancer, [3] Hanahan and Weinberg suggest that cancer can be described by a small number of underlying principles, despite the complexities of the disease. The authors describe how tumor progression proceeds via a process analogous to Darwinian evolution, where each genetic change confers a growth ...
This study showcases the intricacy of genetic architecture by providing an example of many different SNPs and mutations working together, each with a varying effect, to generate a given phenotype. Other studies regarding genetic architecture are many and varied, but most use similar types of analyses to provide specific information regarding ...
Coalescent theory is a model of how alleles sampled from a population may have originated from a common ancestor.In the simplest case, coalescent theory assumes no recombination, no natural selection, and no gene flow or population structure, meaning that each variant is equally likely to have been passed from one generation to the next.
Oncogenomics is a sub-field of genomics that characterizes cancer-associated genes.It focuses on genomic, epigenomic and transcript alterations in cancer. Cancer is a genetic disease caused by accumulation of DNA mutations and epigenetic alterations leading to unrestrained cell proliferation and neoplasm formation.
Pan-cancer studies aim to detect the genes whose mutation is conducive to oncogenesis, as well as recurrent genomic events or aberrations between different tumors.For these studies, it is necessary to standardize the data between multiple platforms, establishing criteria between different researchers to work on the data and present the results.
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The first whole cancer genome to be sequenced was from cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia by Ley et al. in November 2008. [5] The first breast cancer tumor was sequenced by Shah et al. in October 2009, [6] the first lung and skin tumors by Pleasance et al. in January 2010, [7] [8] and the first prostate tumors by Berger et al. in ...