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The generation effect is typically achieved in cognitive psychology experiments by asking participants to generate words from word fragments. [2] This effect has also been demonstrated using a variety of other materials, such as when generating a word after being presented with its antonym, [3] synonym, [1] picture, [4] arithmetic problems, [2] [5] or keyword in a paragraph. [6]
Based on this assumption, an isolation effect would not be expected if the isolated item were presented prior to some consistent context, a theory that goes against von Restorff's findings. [3] Empirical data has shown a strong relationship between the von Restorff effect and measures of event-related potential in the brain. Specifically ...
Classic models of judgment and decision-making assume that all individuals abide to a given set of assumptions when making a decision. [2] Humans are believed to have stable preferences that follow the rules of continuity and precision, and so we will make consistent choices regardless of the influence of any internal or external factors.
The peak–end rule is an elaboration on the snapshot model of remembered utility proposed by Barbara Fredrickson and Daniel Kahneman.This model dictates that an event is not judged by the entirety of an experience, but by prototypical moments (or snapshots) as a result of the representativeness heuristic. [1]
The Zeigarnik effect suggests that students who suspend their study to perform unrelated activities (such as studying a different subject or playing a game), will remember material better than students who complete study sessions without a break (McKinney 1935; Zeigarnik 1927).
This effect was demonstrated using the attentional blink paradigm [24] in which 2 target items are presented in close temporal proximity within a stream of rapidly presented stimuli. The typical finding is that participants often miss the second target item, as if there were a "blink" of attention following the first target's presentation ...
The Ben Franklin effect is a psychological phenomenon in which people like someone more after doing a favor for them. An explanation for this is cognitive dissonance . People reason that they help others because they like them, even if they do not, because their minds struggle to maintain logical consistency between their actions and perceptions.
The Eureka effect on memory occurs only when there is an initial confusion. [16] When subjects were presented with a clue word before the confusing sentence was presented, there was no effect on recall. If the clue was provided after the sentence was presented, an increase in recall occurred.