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The underlying mechanism may involve bleeding, inflammation, or insufficient space for the fat pad. [2] This may occur as a result of trauma or surgery to the knee. [1] Diagnosis may be supported by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). [2] Treatment is generally by steroid injections and physical therapy.
The infrapatellar fat pad (Hoffa's fat pad) is a cylindrical piece of fat that is situated inferior and posterior to the patella bone within the knee, [1] intervening between the patellar ligament and synovial fold of the knee joint.
The suprapatellar bursa is prevented from being pinched during extension by the articularis genus muscle. [4] On the tibia, the anterior reflection and attachment of the synovial membrane is located near the cartilage. [2] Anteriorly, the infrapatellar fat pad is inserted below the patella and between the two membranes.
X-ray of the knee of a 12-year-old male, showing knee effusion of medium severity, marked by black arrows. It displaces the patella anteriorly and extends into the suprapatellar bursa. An X-ray is useful to verify that there is no break or dislocation when there is a history of trauma. May show signs of osteoarthritis.
The McKenzie method is a technique primarily used in physical therapy.It was developed in the late 1950s by New Zealand physiotherapist Robin McKenzie. [1] [2] [3] In 1981 he launched the concept which he called "Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT)" – a system encompassing assessment, diagnosis and treatment for the spine and extremities.
Dry needling, sclerosing injections, platelet-rich plasma, extracorporeal shock wave treatment (ESWT), and heat therapy have been tried. [2] [15] According to a systematic review comparing extracorporeal shock wave treatment to conservative treatment, it was found with low certainty that ESWT has a large treatment effect to reduce short term ...
Conservative treatment in primary acute LPD (lateral patellar dislocation) is the therapy of choice. It includes a multimodal approach with behavioural education of the patient, physical therapy, braces, weight reduction and pain medication. [4] Physical therapy especially focuses on muscle strengthening and proprioceptive exercises.
Orthopedic surgery, sports medicine, physical medicine and rehabilitation Prepatellar bursitis is an inflammation of the prepatellar bursa at the front of the knee. It is marked by swelling at the knee, which can be tender to the touch and which generally does not restrict the knee's range of motion .