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In order to attain high transgene expression, the electrostatic interaction between the gene and hydrogel polymer and the controlled release of the drug payload from the hydrogel is necessary. [36] Several gene therapy drugs used in hydrogel-based drug delivery systems include CRISPR/Cas9, [58] siRNA, [40] [59] and other RNA-based drugs. [59]
Hydrogels can be used as drug delivery vehicles, for transdermal application, ophthalmic drug delivery, [11] cancer treatment [12] or for wound dressing. [ 7 ] [ 13 ] As a type of water based formulation, hydrogels are generally less greasy and are easier to be removed than oil-based formulations like organogels. [ 6 ]
Specifically, hydrogels can be designed to release drugs or other agents in response to physical characteristics of the environment like temperature and pH. [12] The responsiveness of hydrogels is a result of their molecular structure and polymer networks. [12] Hydrogel nanoparticles have a promising future in the drug delivery field.
Another type of drug delivery vehicle used is polymeric micelles. They are prepared from certain amphiphilic co-polymers consisting of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomer units. [2] They can be used to carry drugs that have poor solubility. This method offers little in the terms of size control or function malleability.
Women should speak to their doctor or healthcare professional before starting or stopping any medications while pregnant. [1] Drugs taken in pregnancy including over-the counter-medications, prescription medications, nutritional supplements, recreational drugs, and illicit drugs may cause harm to the mother or the unborn child.
Prostaglandin E 1 (PGE 1) is a naturally occurring prostaglandin with various medical uses. Alprostadil and misoprostol are synthetic forms of prostaglandin E1 used as medications. Lubiprostone, a derivative of prostaglandin E1, is also used as a medication. [2] [3] Prostaglandin E 1 is a vasodilator.
Pectin can also be used to stabilise acidic protein drinks, such as drinking yogurt, to improve the mouth-feel and the pulp stability in juice based drinks and as a fat substitute in baked goods. [36] [40] Typical levels of pectin used as a food additive are between 0.5 and 1.0% – this is about the same amount of pectin as in fresh fruit. [41]
Hydrogel dressing is a medical dressing based on hydrogels, three-dimensional hydrophilic structure. [1] The insoluble hydrophilic structures absorb polar wound exudates and allow oxygen diffusion at the wound bed to accelerate healing. [ 2 ]