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William Moulton Marston (May 9, 1893 – May 2, 1947), also known by the pen name Charles Moulton (/ ˈ m oʊ l t ən /), was an American psychologist who, with his wife Elizabeth Holloway, invented an early prototype of the polygraph. He was also known as a self-help author and comic book writer who created the character Wonder Woman. [1]
Sarah Elizabeth Marston (née Holloway; February 20, 1893 – March 27, 1993) [1] was an American attorney and psychologist.She is credited, with her husband William Moulton Marston, with the development of the systolic blood pressure measurement used to detect deception; the predecessor to the polygraph.
Grover Cleveland "Cleve" Backster Jr. (February 27, 1924 – June 24, 2013) was an interrogation specialist for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), best known for his experiments with plants using a polygraph instrument in the 1960s which led to his theory of primary perception where he claimed that plants feel pain and have extrasensory perception (ESP), which was widely reported in the media.
When children do not know how to communicate their problems, they act out. This may look like misbehavior in school, with friends or at home. Play therapy seeks to provide a way children can cope with difficult emotions and helps them find healthier solutions and coping mechanisms. [12]
The current MMPI-2 has 567 items, and usually takes between one and two hours to complete depending on reading level. It is designed to require a 4.6 grade (Flesh-Kincaid) reading level . [ 24 ] There is an infrequently used abbreviated form of the test that consists of the MMPI-2's first 370 items. [ 25 ]
Reading is an area that has been extensively studied via the computational model system. The dual-route cascaded model (DRC) was developed to understand the dual-route to reading in humans. [14] Some commonalities between human reading and the DRC model are: [5] Frequently occurring words are read aloud faster than non-frequently occurring words.
Skinner's behavioral approach and Kantor's interbehavioral approach were adopted in Bijou and Baer's model. They created a three-stage model of development (e.g., basic, foundational, and societal). Bijou and Baer looked at these socially determined stages, as opposed to organizing behavior into change points or cusps (behavioral cusp). [4]
Rembrandt's painting of the sacrifice of Isaac (Gen.22).Psychohistory holds that ritual child sacrifice once occurred in most cultures. Psychohistorians claim to derive many of its concepts from areas that are perceived to be ignored by conventional historians and anthropologists as shaping factors of human history, in particular, the effects of parenting practice and child abuse. [2]