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  2. Derivative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative

    The derivative function becomes a map between the tangent bundles of and ⁠ ⁠. This definition is used in differential geometry. [49] Differentiation can also be defined for maps between vector space, such as Banach space, in which those generalizations are the Gateaux derivative and the Fréchet derivative. [50]

  3. Differentiation rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentiation_rules

    The derivatives in the table above are for when the range of the inverse secant is [,] and when the range of the inverse cosecant is [,]. It is common to additionally define an inverse tangent function with two arguments , arctan ⁡ ( y , x ) {\textstyle \arctan(y,x)} .

  4. Second derivative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_derivative

    The second derivative of a function f can be used to determine the concavity of the graph of f. [2] A function whose second derivative is positive is said to be concave up (also referred to as convex), meaning that the tangent line near the point where it touches the function will lie below the graph of the function.

  5. Geometric calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_calculus

    This operator is independent of the choice of frame, and can thus be used to define what in geometric calculus is called the vector derivative: =. This is similar to the usual definition of the gradient, but it, too, extends to functions that are not necessarily scalar-valued.

  6. Differential (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_(mathematics)

    If y is a function of x, then the differential dy of y is related to dx by the formula =, where denotes not 'dy divided by dx' as one would intuitively read, but 'the derivative of y with respect to x '. This formula summarizes the idea that the derivative of y with respect to x is the limit of the ratio of differences Δy/Δx as Δx approaches ...

  7. Derivation (differential algebra) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivation_(differential...

    In mathematics, a derivation is a function on an algebra that generalizes certain features of the derivative operator. Specifically, given an algebra A over a ring or a field K, a K-derivation is a K-linear map D : A → A that satisfies Leibniz's law:

  8. Differential calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_calculus

    One way of improving the approximation is to take a quadratic approximation. That is to say, the linearization of a real-valued function f(x) at the point x 0 is a linear polynomial a + b(xx 0), and it may be possible to get a better approximation by considering a quadratic polynomial a + b(xx 0) + c(xx 0) 2.

  9. Notation for differentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notation_for_differentiation

    If f is a function, then its derivative evaluated at x is written ′ (). It first appeared in print in 1749. [3] Higher derivatives are indicated using additional prime marks, as in ″ for the second derivative and ‴ for the third derivative. The use of repeated prime marks eventually becomes unwieldy.

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