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The Kamboja Mahajanapada of the Buddhist traditions refers to this cis-Hindukush branch of ancient Kambojas. [ 39 ] The trans-Hindukush region including the Pamirs and Badakhshan which shared borders with the Bahlikas (Bactria) in the west and the Lohas and Rishikas of Sogdiana / Fergana in the north, constituted the Parama-Kamboja country. [ 40 ]
The Janapadas (lit. ' Foothold of the people ' ) ( pronounced [dʑɐnɐpɐdɐ] ) (c. 1100–600 BCE) were the realms , republics (ganapada) and kingdoms (sāmarājya) of the Vedic period in the Indian subcontinent .
Avanti was an ancient Indian Mahajanapada (Great Janapada), roughly corresponding to the present-day Malwa region. According to the Buddhist texts , the Anguttara Nikaya , Avanti was one of the solasa mahajanapadas (sixteen great realms) of the 6th century BCE.
People owed strong allegiance to the janapada or the territory to which they belonged rather than to their jana or tribe. The Pali texts reveal that the janapadas grew into mahajanapadas. Gandhara and Kamboja were important mahajanapadas. Kamboja is called a janapada in Panini and a mahajanapada in the Pali texts.
Kosala, sometimes referred to as Uttara Kosala (lit. ' Northern Kosala ') was one of the Mahajanapadas of ancient India. [2] [3] It emerged as a small state during the Late Vedic period [4] [5] and became (along with Magadha) one of the earliest states to transition from a lineage-based society to a monarchy. [6]
Late Vedic era map showing the boundaries of Āryāvarta with Janapadas in northern India, beginning of Iron Age kingdoms in India – Kuru, Panchala, Kosala, Videha The Iron Age in the Indian subcontinent from about 1200 BCE to the 6th century BCE is defined by the rise of Janapadas, which are realms , republics and kingdoms —notably the ...
The later Kuru state in the Mahajanapada period, c. 600 BCE. The Kurus declined after being defeated by the non-Vedic Salva (or Salvi) tribe, and the centre of Vedic culture shifted east, into the Panchala Kingdom, in modern day Uttar Pradesh (whose king Keśin Dālbhya was the nephew of the late Kuru king). [5]
According to the Buddhist text Anguttara Nikaya, Surasena was one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas (lit. 'great realms') in the 6th century BCE. [1] Also, it is mentioned in the Hindu epic poem Ramayana. The ancient Greek writers (e.g., Megasthenes) refer to the Sourasenoi and its cities, Methora and Cleisobra/Kleisobora . [2] [3]