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Celibacy became mandatory for Latin Church priests only in the eleventh century. [44] [45] There is abundant documentation that up to 12th century many priests in Europe were married and that their sons would often follow their path which made the reforms difficult to implement. [46]
The tradition of clerical continence developed into a practice of clerical celibacy (ordaining only unmarried men) from the 11th century onward among Latin Church Catholics and became a formal part of canon law in 1917. [108] This law of clerical celibacy does not apply to Eastern Catholics. Until recently, the Eastern Catholic bishops of North ...
Bouchard IV of Avesnes, excommunicated in 1216 by Pope Innocent III for violating the Clerical celibacy in the Catholic Church. King Andrew II of Hungary , was excommunicated in 1231 after not following the points of Golden Bull of 1222 , a seminal bill of rights, which contained new dispositions related to the tithe and hostile practices ...
Celibacy was "held in high esteem" from the Church's beginnings. It is considered a kind of spiritual marriage with Christ, a concept further popularized by the early Christian theologian Origen. Clerical celibacy began to be demanded in the 4th century, including papal decretals beginning with Pope Siricius. [97]
The Latin Catholic Church as a rule requires clerical celibacy for the priesthood since the Gregorian Reform in the late 11th century under the influence of Bernard of Clairvaux, but Eastern Catholic Churches do not require clerical celibacy for the priesthood and the Latin Catholic Church occasionally relaxes the discipline in special cases ...
With that in mind, the papacy up until the twelfth century held little to no authority over the bishops, who were invested with land by lay rulers. Gregory VII's ban on lay investiture was a key element of the reform, ultimately contributing to the centralized papacy of the later Middle Ages.
The third conclusion asserts that the practice of clerical celibacy has encouraged sodomy among the clergy and monks, such that churchmen need purgation or worse from their lifestyles [citation needed] —i.e., of decadent "delicious metis and drinkis"; men who like these "like non wymmen". [page needed]
Regarding clerical celibacy, the Catechism of the Catholic Church states: All the ordained ministers of the Latin Church, with the exception of permanent deacons, are normally chosen from among men of faith who live a celibate life and who intend to remain celibate for the sake of the kingdom of heaven.