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The synergy between trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole was first described in the late 1960s. [25] [26] [27] Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole have a greater effect when given together than when given separately, because they inhibit successive steps in the folate synthesis pathway. They are given in a one-to-five ratio in their tablet ...
Nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), fosfomycin, and pivmecillinam are currently the first-line agents for empiric therapy of simple cystitis. [4] On the other hand, the choice of empiric antimicrobial therapy for pyelonephritis depends on the severity of illness, specific host factors, and the presence of resistant bacteria.
Trimethoprim (TMP) is an antibiotic used mainly in the treatment of bladder infections. [1] Other uses include for middle ear infections and travelers' diarrhea. [1] With sulfamethoxazole or dapsone it may be used for Pneumocystis pneumonia in people with HIV/AIDS.
Sulfamethoxazole is primarily renally excreted via glomerular filtration and tubular secretion. [8] About 20% of the sulfamethoxazole in urine is the unchanged drug, about 15–20% is the N-glucuronide conjugate, and about 50–70 % is the acetylated metabolite. [11] Sulfamethoxazole is also excreted in human milk. [8]
The following is a list of antibiotics.The highest division between antibiotics is bactericidal and bacteriostatic.Bactericidals kill bacteria directly, whereas bacteriostatics prevent them from dividing.
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole tablets, a commonly used antibiotic for UTI. For those with recurrent infections, taking a short course of antibiotics when each infection occurs is associated with the lowest antibiotic use. [17] A prolonged course of daily antibiotics is also effective. [4]
The UpToDate system is an evidence-based clinical resource. It includes a collection of medical and patient information, access to Lexicomp drug monographs and drug-to-drug interactions, and a number of medical calculators. UpToDate is written by over 7,100 physician authors, editors, and peer reviewers. It is available both via the Internet ...
Nitrofurantoin, sold under the brand name Macrobid among others, is an antibacterial medication of the nitrofuran class used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), although it is not as effective for kidney infections. [16]