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Austin T. Blakeslee Natural Area, Monroe County, Pennsylvania. The northern hardwood forest is a general type of North American forest ecosystem found over much of southeastern and south-central Canada, Ontario, and Quebec, extending south into the United States in northern New England, New York, and Pennsylvania, and west along the Great Lakes to Minnesota and western Ontario.
These forests also go by the names: hemlock-northern hardwoods, and mixed forests. The northern hardwoods are located in the seaboard lowlands and south of the coniferous forests, but there is considerable blending of the two communities. These forests are typical of elevations below 700 m.
The Appalachian hemlock–northern hardwood forest is a forest system found in the Appalachian Mountains of New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, Eastern Kentucky, West Virginia and western North Carolina. These forests occur in deep coves, moist flats, and ravines.
Native ash species, including white ash (pictured), have been declining rapidly this century due to predation by the emerald ash borer. [1]Silvics of North America (1991), [2] [3] a forest inventory compiled and published by the United States Forest Service, includes many hardwood trees.
Delta National Forest contains the only bottomland hardwood forest in the National Forest System, located in the floodplain of the Mississippi River. [18] The forest includes the Green Ash-Overcup Oak-Sweetgum Research Natural Areas, which is a National Natural Landmark because it contains remnant bottomland old-growth forest. [8]: 167–172 [45]
Cold River Virgin Forest a virgin hemlock-northern hardwood forest in northwestern Massachusetts, United States. Believed to be the only stand of its type in New England, it was designated a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service in April 1980.
Mixed-oak forests of northern red oak (Quercus rubra), white oak (Quercus alba), eastern black oak (Quercus velutina), and scarlet oak (Quercus coccinea) grow along major river drainages and on steep, drier slopes. [6] Northern hardwood forests include sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and American beech (Fagus grandifolia).
The northern-southern expanse leads to discernible forest type shifts. Northern hardwood forests thrive on cooler mid-to-high elevation sites, housing Acer saccharum (sugar maple), Fagus grandifolia (American beech), Tilia americana (American basswood), and Betula alleghaniensis (yellow birch), with Picea and Abies species at the highest ...