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Cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) cells are a group of immune effector cells featuring a mixed T- and natural killer (NK) cell-like phenotype.They are generated by ex vivo incubation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) or cord blood mononuclear cells with interferon-gamma (), anti-CD3 antibody, recombinant human interleukin (IL)-1 and recombinant human interleukin (IL)-2.
Antigen presentation stimulates T cells to become either "cytotoxic" CD8+ cells or "helper" CD4+ cells.. A cytotoxic T cell (also known as T C, cytotoxic T lymphocyte, CTL, T-killer cell, cytolytic T cell, CD8 + T-cell or killer T cell) is a T lymphocyte (a type of white blood cell) that kills cancer cells, cells that are infected by intracellular pathogens such as viruses or bacteria, or ...
Natural killer cells (NK cells) and macrophages play a major role in clearance of senescent cells. [35] Natural killer cells directly kill senescent cells, and produce cytokines which activate macrophages which remove senescent cells. [35] Natural killer cells can use NKG2D receptors to detect senescent cells, and kill those cells using ...
CD8 + T cells, also known as "killer T cells", are cytotoxic – this means that they are able to directly kill virus-infected cells, as well as cancer cells. CD8 + T cells are also able to use small signalling proteins, known as cytokines , to recruit other types of cells when mounting an immune response.
The effect of a particular cytokine on a given cell depends on the cytokine, its extracellular abundance, the presence and abundance of the complementary receptor on the cell surface, and downstream signals activated by receptor binding; these last two factors can vary by cell type. Cytokines are characterized by considerable redundancy, in ...
The clinical potential of NKT cells lies in the rapid release of cytokines (such as IL-2, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-4) that promote or suppress different immune responses. Most clinical trials with NKT cells have been performed with cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK). [16]
The muscle, gland or organ cell capable of responding to a stimulus at the terminal end of an efferent nerve fiber; Plasma cell, an effector B cell in the immune system; Effector T cells, T cells that actively respond to a stimulus; Cytokine-induced killer cells, strongly productive cytotoxic effector cells that are capable of lysing tumor ...
CD4 + T H 1 Cells. It has been found in both mice and humans that the signature cytokines for these cells are interferon gamma and lymphotoxin alpha. The main cytokine for differentiation into T H 1 cells is IL-12 which is produced by dendritic cells in response to the activation of pattern recognition receptors.