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Leishmania infantum is the causative agent of infantile visceral leishmaniasis in the Mediterranean region [1] and in Latin America, where it has been called Leishmania chagasi. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is also an unusual cause of cutaneous leishmaniasis , [ 4 ] which is normally caused by specific lineages (or zymodemes).
Leishmaniasis is a wide array of clinical manifestations caused by protozoal parasites of the Trypanosomatida genus Leishmania. [7] It is generally spread through the bite of phlebotomine sandflies, Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia, and occurs most frequently in the tropics and sub-tropics of Africa, Asia, the Americas, and southern Europe.
Leishmania / l iː ʃ ˈ m eɪ n i ə,-ˈ m æ n-/ [1] is a parasitic protozoan, a single-celled organism of the genus Leishmania that is responsible for the disease leishmaniasis. [2] [3] [4] They are spread by sandflies of the genus Phlebotomus in the Old World, and of the genus Lutzomyia in the New World.
Sodium stibogluconate, sold under the brand name Pentostam among others, is a medication used to treat leishmaniasis. [3] This includes leishmaniasis of the cutaneous, visceral, and mucosal types. [4] Some combination of miltefosine, paromomycin and liposomal amphotericin B, however, may be recommended due to issues with resistance.
Miltefosine, sold under the trade name Impavido among others, is a medication mainly used to treat leishmaniasis and free-living amoeba infections such as Naegleria fowleri and Balamuthia mandrillaris. [4] This includes the three forms of leishmaniasis: cutaneous, visceral and mucosal. [5] It may be used with liposomal amphotericin B or ...
Leishmaniasis: Hematology laboratory by direct visualization of the amastigotes (Leishman–Donovan bodies). For visceral leishmaniasis in India, South America, and the Mediterranean, liposomal amphotericin B is the recommended treatment and is often used as a single dose. Under research [25] Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium lepromatosis ...
Allopurinol has been marketed in the United States since 19 August 1966, when it was first approved by FDA under the trade name Zyloprim. [40] Allopurinol was marketed at the time by Burroughs Wellcome. Allopurinol is a generic drug sold under a variety of brand names, including Allohexal, Allosig, Milurit, Alloril, Progout, Ürikoliz, Zyloprim ...
Most common is a variant called dry-type cutaneous leishmaniasis. After an incubation period lasting more than 2 months, a small brownish nodular lesion will appear with a slowly extending plaque reaching a size of 1–2 centimetres (0.39–0.79 in) after 6 months. This will heal after about 1 year but leaves a scar. [11]