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Newton's third law relates to a more fundamental principle, the conservation of momentum. The latter remains true even in cases where Newton's statement does not, for instance when force fields as well as material bodies carry momentum, and when momentum is defined properly, in quantum mechanics as well.
The name 'zeroth law' was invented by Ralph H. Fowler in the 1930s, long after the first, second, and third laws were widely recognized. The law allows the definition of temperature in a non-circular way without reference to entropy, its conjugate variable .
With the development of statistical mechanics, the third law of thermodynamics (like the other laws) changed from a fundamental law (justified by experiments) to a derived law (derived from even more basic laws). The basic law from which it is primarily derived is the statistical-mechanics definition of entropy for a large system:
The third law of thermodynamics states: As the temperature of a system approaches absolute zero, all processes cease and the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value. This law of thermodynamics is a statistical law of nature regarding entropy and the impossibility of reaching absolute zero of temperature. This law provides an absolute ...
Third law may refer to: Newton's third law of motion, one of Newton's laws of motion; Third law of thermodynamics; Kepler's Third law of planetary motion;
Using Newton's second law, the force exerted by a body (particle 2) on another body (particle 1) is: =. The force exerted by particle 1 on particle 2 is: = According to Newton's third law, the force that particle 2 exerts on particle 1 is equal and opposite to the force that particle 1 exerts on particle 2: =
In Definition III, he defined the force that resists a change in motion as the vis inertia of Descartes. Newton’s Third Law of Motion (for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction) is also equivalent to the principle of conservation of momentum .
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