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The Community Reinvestment Act (CRA, P.L. 95-128, 91 Stat. 1147, title VIII of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1977, 12 U.S.C. § 2901 et seq.) is a United States federal law designed to encourage commercial banks and savings associations to help meet the needs of borrowers in all segments of their communities, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods.
The national investment policy guidelines targets policy action at three levels: Strategic – policymakers should ground investment policy in a broad roadmap for economic growth and sustainable development, such as those set out in formal economic or industrial development strategies in many countries.
An Urban Wealth Fund (UWF), Local Wealth Fund, or Community investment fund [1] is a local government-owned Public Wealth Fund, a holding company that owns, manages, and develops operational and real estate assets, mainly within its jurisdiction at the city, county or regional level of public administration.
For example, the Participatory Social Return on Investment (PSROI) framework builds on the economic principles of SROI and CBA and integrates them with the theoretical and methodological foundations of participatory action research (PAR), critical systems thinking, and Resilience Theory and strength-based approaches such as appreciative inquiry ...
Zhan has expertise in trade, investment and development strategies. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] He has directed extensive research and analysis on key emerging issues; [ 5 ] facilitated the formulation of outcomes at various summits (e.g. UN, G20, ACP, APEC, ASEAN, BRICS, Commonwealth); [ 6 ] and provided technical assistance to governments and institutions ...
More than 350 community development banks; More than 290 community development credit unions; More than 80 community development venture capital funds. In May 2010, the CDFI Fund had certified 862 CDFIs, [7] 57 Native CDFIs (serving Native Americans), [8] and 4,230 CDEs, [9] each of which may have multiple subsidiary investment funds.
The European Structural and Investment Funds (ESI Funds, ESIFs) are financial tools governed by a common rulebook, set up to implement the regional policy of the European Union, as well as the structural policy pillars of the Common Agricultural Policy and the Common Fisheries Policy. They aim to reduce regional disparities in income, wealth ...
An investment policy is required under virtually all investor circumstances, with the exception of individual investors. According to the US Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (ERISA), for every qualified company retirement plan (e.g., 401[k], profit sharing, pension, 403[b]) there are certain fiduciary responsibilities for managing the plan assets with the care, skill ...