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The government of the Philippines (Filipino: Pamahalaan ng Pilipinas) has three interdependent branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial branches.The Philippines is governed as a unitary state under a presidential representative and democratic constitutional republic in which the president functions as both the head of state and the head of government of the country within a pluriform ...
Political, cultural, and geographical borders are mutually reinforcing. [72] Factional rivalries have dominated local politics since the late 19th century. As democracy expanded under American rule, these rivalries influenced provincial and national politics. [90] Local politics is thus often more personal and potentially violent than national ...
The Philippines is divided into four levels of administrative divisions, with the lower three being defined in the Local Government Code of 1991 as local government units (LGUs). [1] They are, from the highest to the lowest: Regions (Filipino: rehiyon) are mostly used to organize national services.
These are: (a) major parties, [1] [2] which typically correspond to traditional political parties; (b) minor parties or party-list organizations, which rely on the party-list system to win Congressional seats; and (c) regional or provincial parties, which correspond to region-wide or province-wide organizations, respectively.
Philippine congressional districts are contiguous and compact territories composed of adjacent local government units where practicable. They are single-member districts which return one member each to the lower chamber, elected to serve a maximum of three consecutive three-year terms through a first-past-the-post voting system. [1]
Elections in the Philippines are of several types. The president, vice-president, and the senators are elected for a six-year term, while the members of the House of Representatives, governors, vice-governors, members of the Sangguniang Panlalawigan (provincial board members), mayors, vice-mayors, members of the Sangguniang Panlungsod/members of the Sangguniang Bayan (city/municipal councilors ...
Department of National Defense: Kagawaran ng Tanggulang Pambansa: November 1, 1939; 85 years ago () Secretary of National Defense: Gilbert Teodoro: Department of Public Works and Highways: Kagawaran ng mga Pagawain at Lansangang Bayan: June 23, 1898; 126 years ago () Secretary of Public Works and Highways: Manuel Bonoan
This had the effect of entrenching local elites into the national system, [32]: 151 who were often relied upon to help govern by the American administration. [1]: 126 This process meant that politicians who built provincial power bases in these early years were able to compete at a national level with politicians from Manila.