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Nidana. 12 languages. ... Nidāna is the term used to describe the standard introduction of a Buddhist sutra, where the formula "Thus have I heard" ...
The term nirvana is part of an extensive metaphorical structure that was probably established at a very early age in Buddhism. It is "the most common term used by Buddhists to describe a state of freedom from suffering and rebirth," [13] but its etymology may not be conclusive for its meaning. [14]
However the Buddhist meaning of nirvana also has other interpretations. L. S. Cousins said that in popular usage nirvana was "the goal of Buddhist discipline,... the final removal of the disturbing mental elements which obstruct a peaceful and clear state of mind, together with a state of awakening from the mental sleep which they induce." [21]
Glossary of Buddhism Upādāna उपादान is a Sanskrit and Pali word that means "fuel, material cause, substrate that is the source and means for keeping an active process energized". [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is also an important Buddhist concept referring to "attachment, clinging, grasping". [ 3 ]
Schumann thus concluded that the twelvefold chain was a later synthesis composed by Buddhist monks, consisting of three shorter lists. These lists may have encompassed nidana 1–4, 5–8, and 8-12. [138] Schumann also proposes that the 12 nidanas are extended over three existences, and illustrates the succession of rebirths.
A Sui dynasty manuscript of the Nirvāṇa Sūtra. The Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra (Sanskrit; traditional Chinese: 大般涅槃經; pinyin: Dàbānnièpán-jīng; Japanese: Daihatsunehan-gyō, Tibetan: མྱ ངནལས་དསཀྱི མྡོ; Vietnamese: Kinh Đại Bát Niết Bàn) or Nirvana Sutra for short, is an influential Mahāyāna Buddhist scripture of the Buddha ...
Four Dharma Seals are the four characteristics which reflect some Buddhist teaching . [1] [2] It is said that if a teaching contains the Four Dharma Seals then it can be considered Buddha Dharma. [3] This is despite the fact that some believe that the Dharma Seals were all introduced after Gautama Buddha died. [4]
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