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Hypertension is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal [1] that was established in 1979. It is published on behalf of the American Heart Association by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Hypertension occurs in around 0.2 to 3% of newborns; however, blood pressure is not measured routinely in healthy newborns. [42] Hypertension is more common in high risk newborns. A variety of factors, such as gestational age , postconceptional age and birth weight needs to be taken into account when deciding if a blood pressure is normal in a ...
A diagram explaining factors affecting arterial pressure. Pathophysiology is a study which explains the function of the body as it relates to diseases and conditions. The pathophysiology of hypertension is an area which attempts to explain mechanistically the causes of hypertension, which is a chronic disease characterized by elevation of blood pressure.
Hypertensive heart disease includes a number of complications of high blood pressure that affect the heart.While there are several definitions of hypertensive heart disease in the medical literature, [1] [2] [3] the term is most widely used in the context of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding categories.
The New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification provides a simple way of classifying the extent of heart failure.It places patients in one of four categories based on how much they are limited during physical activity; the limitations/symptoms are in regard to normal breathing and varying degrees in shortness of breath and/or angina.
Cardiac output is the product of stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume is influenced by 1) the end-diastolic volume or filling pressure of the ventricle acting via the Frank–Starling mechanism—this is influenced by blood volume; 2) cardiac contractility; and 3) afterload, the impedance to blood flow presented by the circulation. [78]
Killip class II includes individuals with rales or crackles in the lungs, an S 3, and elevated jugular venous pressure. Killip class III describes individuals with frank acute pulmonary edema . Killip class IV describes individuals in cardiogenic shock or hypotension (measured as systolic blood pressure lower than 90 mmHg), and evidence of ...
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