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The auditory cortex is the most highly organized processing unit of sound in the brain. This cortex area is the neural crux of hearing, and—in humans—language and music. The auditory cortex is divided into three separate parts: the primary, secondary, and tertiary auditory cortex.
Brodmann area 22 (BA 22) combined with Brodmann area 42 (BA 42) form Wernicke's area in the superior temporal gyrus in the temporal lobe.Using cytoarchitectonics, BA 22 is located in the superior temporal gyrus which separates it from the primary and secondary auditory cortex. [2]
The superior temporal gyrus also includes Wernicke's area, which (in most people) is located in the left hemisphere. It is the major area involved in the comprehension of language. The superior temporal gyrus is involved in auditory processing, including language, but also has been implicated as a critical structure in social cognition. [2] [3]
The primary auditory cortex is surrounded by secondary auditory cortex, and interconnects with it. These secondary areas interconnect with further processing areas in the superior temporal gyrus , in the dorsal bank of the superior temporal sulcus , and in the frontal lobe .
[5] [6] Some identify it with the unimodal auditory association in the superior temporal gyrus anterior to the primary auditory cortex (the anterior part of BA 22). [7] This is the site most consistently implicated in auditory word recognition by functional brain imaging experiments.
In a number of cases, brain areas are organized into topographic maps, where adjoining bits of the cortex correspond to adjoining parts of the body, or of some more abstract entity. A simple example of this type of correspondence is the primary motor cortex, a strip of tissue running along the anterior edge of the central sulcus. Motor areas ...
Cortex Primary visual cortex (V1) V2; V3; V4; Gyri. Lateral occipital gyrus; Other Cuneus; Brodmann areas 17 (V1, primary visual cortex); 18, 19; Temporal lobe. Cortex Primary auditory cortex (A1) Secondary auditory cortex (A2) Inferior temporal cortex; V5/MT; Posterior inferior temporal cortex; Gyri. Superior temporal gyrus; Middle temporal ...
In the last two decades, significant advances occurred in our understanding of the neural processing of sounds in primates. Initially by recording of neural activity in the auditory cortices of monkeys [18] [19] and later elaborated via histological staining [20] [21] [22] and fMRI scanning studies, [23] 3 auditory fields were identified in the primary auditory cortex, and 9 associative ...