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The English and French had been constantly at war over hereditary sovereignty in France; the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) escalated, and the conflict between the two nations reached its peak in an intermittent series of belligerent phases, with each phase usually ending with a temporary truce lasting for a few years.
Francophile and Anglophile societies developed, further introducing Britain to French food and wine, and France to English sports like rugby. French and English were already the second languages of choice in Britain and France respectively. Eventually this developed into a political policy as the new united Germany was seen as a potential threat.
To the kings of France, this threatened their royal authority, and so they would constantly try to undermine English rule in France, while the English monarchs would struggle to protect and expand their lands. This clash of interests was the root cause of much of the conflict between the French and English monarchies throughout the medieval era.
The English and French kings' mutual rivalry intensified as more and more lands on the French side of the channel came under the king of England's rule, most notably Anjou and Aquitaine in 1154. Geoffrey Plantagenet was already Count of Anjou and the ruler of neighbouring Maine and Touraine when he married Empress Matilda , granddaughter of ...
The Angevin Empire (/ ˈ æ n dʒ ɪ v ɪ n /; French: Empire Plantagenêt) was the collection of territories held by the House of Plantagenet during the 12th and 13th centuries, when they ruled over an area covering roughly all of present-day England, half of France, and parts of Ireland and Wales, and had further influence over much of the remaining British Isles.
1470–1471), to rule the dual monarchy of England and France. [64] Henry VI proved to be a weak and incompetent ruler. By 1453, he had lost all his French territories except Calais. [65] Following the French conquest of Gascony, the King suffered a mental breakdown. Parliament appointed Richard, duke of York, as lord protector.
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The English rule provides that the party that losers in court pays the other party's legal costs. The English rule contrasts with the American rule , under which each party is generally responsible for paying its own attorney fees (unless a statute or contract provides otherwise).