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The majority of Islamic scholars agreed that the first part forms the first revelation to be sent down to Muhammad in 610. In this regard, the Hadith from Aisha , which Ibn Hanbal , Bukhari , Muslim and other traditionists have related with several chains of authorities, is one of the most authentic Hadith on the subject.
According to Mubarak Puri, the exact date of this event was Monday, the 21st of Ramadan just before sunrise, i.e. August 10, 610 CE – when Muhammad was 40 lunar years, 6 months and 12 days of age, i.e. 39 solar years, 3 months and 22 days.
During Muhammad's first revelation, the first five verses of this Surah, or chapter, were revealed. [15] Muhammad would usually practice spiritual retreat during the last ten days of Ramadan, awaiting the Night of Power, fasting and praying throughout the night, and abstaining from sexual relations. He urged his followers to do the same.
610 [5] When Muhammad reported his first revelation from the Angel Gabriel , Khadija was the first female and first person to convert to Islam. However, Shia Muslims claim Ali was the first to convert to Islam. Ibn Hisham & Ibn Ishaq [5] 3. First Muslim Male convert: Ali Ibn Abi Talib [6] 610 [6]
605: Muhammad helps rebuild the Ka'ba. [1] 605: Birth of Hafsa, daughter of second caliph Umar and one of the wives of Muhammad. 610: 9 February – The first announced revelation of the Qur'an in the cave at Hira. He is given his first revelation from the Angel Gabriel in the cave. Khadija is the first to believe. [2]
During the Hajj (pilgrimage), an estimated five thousand visitors climb to it daily to see the place where Prophet Muhammad is believed to have received the first revelation of the Quran on the Laylat al-Qadr (night of power) by the angel Jibreel (Gabriel). [10] Most Muslims do not consider visiting the cave an integral part of the Hajj.
This period is characterized by the persecution of Muhammad and the Muslims by the Quraysh as it expanded to his clan, the Hashem. To persuade the clan to relent their protection of Muhammad, the Quraysh boycotted the Hashem. [18] Revelations from this period are characterized by descriptions of the resurrection, paradise, and Judgment Day. [19]
The Quran was canonized only after Muhammad's death in 632 CE. According to Islamic tradition the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 23/644–35 AH/655 CE) established the canonical Qur'an, reportedly starting the process in 644 CE, [6] and completing the work around 650 CE (the exact date was not recorded by early Arab annalists). [7]