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ECT can be used in the treatment for those with major depressive disorder, depressed bipolar disorder, manic bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, manic excitement and catatonia. [7] "Decision to conduct ECT therapy usually comes after there has been failure in other forms of treatment, including medication and psychotherapy". [7]
Usage of ECT has since declined slightly; in 2000–01 ECT was given to about 1,500 people aged from 16 to 97 (in Texas it is illegal to give ECT to anyone under sixteen). [110] ECT is more commonly used in private psychiatric hospitals than in public hospitals, and minority patients are underrepresented in the ECT statistics. [1]
David John Impastato (January 8, 1903 – February 28, 1986) was an American neuropsychiatrist who pioneered the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in the United States. A treatment for mental illness initially called "electroshock," ECT was developed in 1937 by Dr. Ugo Cerletti and Lucio Bini, working in Rome.
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Carrie Fisher, American actress and novelist [18] Fisher speaks at length of her experiences with ECT in her autobiography Wishful Drinking. Janet Frame, New Zealand writer and poet [19] Leonard Roy Frank, is a published author, human rights activist, and self-described psychiatric survivor. [20] [21] Judy Garland, Singer, dancer, actress.
This was considerably less frightening and more affordable than electroshock therapy. The Big Book, first published in 1939, was the size of a hymnal. With its passionate appeals to faith made in the rat-a-tat cadence of a door-to-door salesman, it helped spawn other 12-step-based institutions, including Hazelden, founded in 1949 in Minnesota.
Robert Galbraith Heath (May 9, 1915 – September 21, 1999) was an American psychiatrist. [1] [2] He followed the theory of biological psychiatry, which holds that organic defects are the sole source of mental illness, [3] and that consequently mental problems are treatable by physical means.
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