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The European balance of power is a tenet in international relations that no single power should be allowed to achieve hegemony over a substantial part of Europe. During much of the Modern Age, the balance was achieved by having a small number of ever-changing alliances contending for power, [1] which culminated in the World Wars of the early 20th century.
Labour History 60 (1991): 1-15. online; Duncan, Robert. Objectors & resisters: opposition to conscription and war in Scotland 1914-18 (2015) ISBN 978-09930965-1-8; Early, Frances. A world without war: How US feminists and pacifists resisted World War I (Syracuse University Press, 1997) online. Grimshaw, Sabine.
Throughout history, in various wars and conflicts, there have been a number of historic victories won by a smaller force, against a larger foe. Conditions and situations for these sorts of military victories against the odds have been numerous. Some victories have been pivotal to the conflict they were part of, or provided inspiration for the ...
A rivalry in which competitors remain at odds over specific issues or outcomes, but otherwise maintain civil relations, can be called a friendly rivalry.Institutions such as universities often maintain friendly rivalries, with the idea that "[a] friendly rivalry encourages an institution to bring to the fore the very best it has to offer, knowing that if it is deficient, others will supersede ...
After the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Europe's borders were largely stable. 1708 map by Herman Moll.. International relations from 1648 to 1814 covers the major interactions of the nations of Europe, as well as the other continents, with emphasis on diplomacy, warfare, migration, and cultural interactions, from the Peace of Westphalia to the Congress of Vienna.
The amounts listed below are presented in terms of 1913 US dollars, where $1 billion then equals about $25 billion in 2017. [34]: 21–37 Britain had a direct war cost about $21.2 billion; it made loans to Allies and Dominions of $4.886 billion, and received loans from the United States of $2.909 billion.
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The Anglo-French Wars (1109–1815) were a series of conflicts between the territories of the Kingdom of England (and its successor state, the United Kingdom) and the Kingdom of France (succeeded by a republic).