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Engraving from William Smith's monograph on identifying strata based on fossils. Catholic priest Nicholas Steno established the theoretical basis for stratigraphy when he introduced the law of superposition, the principle of original horizontality and the principle of lateral continuity in a 1669 work on the fossilization of organic remains in layers of sediment.
It was first proposed by the Danish geological pioneer Nicholas Steno (1638–1686). The Permian through Jurassic stratigraphy of the Colorado Plateau area of southeastern Utah is a great example of Original Horizontality.
The law of superposition is an axiom that forms one of the bases of the sciences of geology, archaeology, and other fields pertaining to geological stratigraphy.In its plainest form, it states that in undeformed stratigraphic sequences, the oldest strata will lie at the bottom of the sequence, while newer material stacks upon the surface to form new deposits over time.
Niels Steensen (Danish: Niels Steensen; Latinized to Nicolas Steno [b] or Nicolaus Stenonius; [c] [8] 1 January 1638 – 25 November 1686 [9] [10] [NS: 11 January 1638 – 5 December 1686] [9]) was a Danish scientist, a pioneer in both anatomy and geology who became a Catholic bishop in his later years.
During the 17th century, Nicolas Steno was the first to observe and propose a number of basic principles of historical geology, including three key stratigraphic principles: the law of superposition, the principle of original horizontality, and the principle of lateral continuity.
The principles of lithostratigraphy were first established by the Danish naturalist, Nicolas Steno, in his 1669 Dissertationis prodromus. [1] A lithostratigraphic unit conforms to the law of superposition, which in its modern form states that in any succession of strata, not disturbed or overturned since deposition, younger rocks lies above older rocks. [2]
Dodecahedron built from smaller cubical units. The law of the constancy of interfacial angles was first observed by the Danish physician Nicolas Steno when studying quartz crystals [3] [4] (De solido intra solidum naturaliter contento, Florence, 1669), [5] [6] who noted that, although the crystals differed in appearance from one to another, the angles between corresponding faces were always ...
The law of included fragments is a method of relative dating in geology. Essentially, this law states that clasts in a rock are older than the rock itself. [6] One example of this is a xenolith, which is a fragment of country rock that fell into passing magma as a result of stoping.