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C++ is also more strict in conversions to enums: ints cannot be implicitly converted to enums as in C. Also, enumeration constants (enum enumerators) are always of type int in C, whereas they are distinct types in C++ and may have a size different from that of int. [needs update] In C++ a const variable must be initialized; in C this is not ...
In fact, an enum type in Java is actually a special compiler-generated class rather than an arithmetic type, and enum values behave as global pre-generated instances of that class. Enum types can have instance methods and a constructor (the arguments of which can be specified separately for each enum value).
C++11 replaced the prior version of the C++ standard, named C++03, [1] and was later replaced by C++14. The name follows the tradition of naming language versions by the publication year of the specification, though it was formerly named C++0x because it was expected to be published before 2010.
C++ has enumeration types that are directly inherited from C's and work mostly like these, except that an enumeration is a real type in C++, giving added compile-time checking. Also (as with structs), the C++ enum keyword is combined with a typedef, so that instead of naming the type enum name, simply name it name.
This code looks like it should compile, but it is incorrect because the compiler does not know if T::bar is a type or a value. The reason it doesn't know is that T::bar is a "template-parameter dependent name", or "dependent name" for short, which then could represent anything named "bar" inside a type passed to foo(), which could include typedefs, enums, variables, etc.
The enum types in the Rust, Haxe, and Swift languages also work as tagged unions. The variant library from the Boost C++ Libraries demonstrated it was possible to implement a safe tagged union as a library in C++, visitable using function objects.
converting a pointer of a base class to a pointer of a non-virtual derived class (downcasting); converting numeric data types such as enums to ints or floats . Although static_cast conversions are checked at compile time to prevent obvious incompatibilities, no run-time type checking is performed that would prevent a cast between incompatible ...
Another way is to make another class that extends java.lang.Enum<E>) and may therefore define constructors, fields, and methods as any other class. As of C++11, C++ supports strongly-typed enumerations which provide more type-safety and explicit specification of the storage type.