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ITER (initially the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, iter meaning "the way" or "the path" in Latin [2] [3] [4]) is an international nuclear fusion research and engineering megaproject aimed at creating energy through a fusion process similar to that of the Sun. It is being built next to the Cadarache facility in southern France.
It has since been reproduced in all major toroidal confinement devices, and is foreseen to be the standard operational scenario of ITER. In H-mode, the change in confinement is the most apparent at the edge of the plasma where the pressure gradient increases rapidly due to the increase in edge density, leading to the formation of a pedestal ...
ASDEX Upgrade will examine ways to overcome this problem, in preparation for the construction of ITER's first wall. The experiment has an overall radius of 5 metres, a gross weight of 800 metric tons , a maximum magnetic field strength of 3.1 tesla , a maximum plasma current of 1.6 megaampere and maximum heating power of up to 27 megawatt .
The United States drops its own ITER-scale tokamak project, FIRE, recognising an inability to match EU progress. [37] 2005. In August, the first proton-boron fusion via inertial confinement is reported. [38] Following final negotiations between the EU and Japan, ITER chooses Cadarache over Rokkasho for the site of the reactor. In concession ...
The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), also known as HT-7U (Hefei Tokamak 7 Upgrade), is an experimental superconducting tokamak magnetic fusion energy reactor in Hefei, China. Operated by the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science conducting its experiments for the Chinese Academy of Sciences , EAST began its operations in 2006.
A tokamak (/ ˈ t oʊ k ə m æ k /; Russian: токамáк) is a device which uses a powerful magnetic field generated by external magnets to confine plasma in the shape of an axially symmetrical torus. [1] The tokamak is one of several types of magnetic confinement devices being developed to produce controlled thermonuclear fusion power.
This led to the adoption of the tokamak by the majority of fusion research establishments internationally. In 1977, following protracted negotiations, Culham was chosen as the site for the Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak. [3] Construction began in 1978 and was completed on time and on budget, with first plasma in June 1983.
[8] [9] However, the ITER experience suggests that development of a multi-billion US dollar tokamak-based technology innovation cycle able to develop fusion power stations that can compete with non-fusion energy technologies is likely to encounter the "valley of death" problem in venture capital, i.e., insufficient investment to go beyond ...