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ITER (initially the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, iter meaning "the way" or "the path" in Latin [2] [3] [4]) is an international nuclear fusion research and engineering megaproject aimed at creating energy through a fusion process similar to that of the Sun. It is being built next to the Cadarache facility in southern France.
The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), also known as HT-7U (Hefei Tokamak 7 Upgrade), is an experimental superconducting tokamak magnetic fusion energy reactor in Hefei, China. Operated by the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science conducting its experiments for the Chinese Academy of Sciences , EAST began its operations in 2006.
[1] [2] Since then, tokamaks became the dominant line of research globally with large tokamaks such as JET, TFTR and JT-60 being constructed and operated. The ITER tokamak experiment under construction, which aims to demonstrate scientific breakeven, will be the world's largest MCF device. While early stellarators of low confinement in the ...
ASDEX Upgrade will examine ways to overcome this problem, in preparation for the construction of ITER's first wall. The experiment has an overall radius of 5 metres, a gross weight of 800 metric tons , a maximum magnetic field strength of 3.1 tesla , a maximum plasma current of 1.6 megaampere and maximum heating power of up to 27 megawatt .
This led to the adoption of the tokamak by the majority of fusion research establishments internationally. In 1977, following protracted negotiations, Culham was chosen as the site for the Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak. [3] Construction began in 1978 and was completed on time and on budget, with first plasma in June 1983.
It has since been reproduced in all major toroidal confinement devices, and is foreseen to be the standard operational scenario of ITER. In H-mode, the change in confinement is the most apparent at the edge of the plasma where the pressure gradient increases rapidly due to the increase in edge density, leading to the formation of a pedestal ...
The China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (Chinese: 中国聚变工程实验堆; pinyin: Zhōngguó Jùbiàn Gōngchéng Shíyànduī), or CFETR, is a proposed tokamak fusion reactor, which uses a magnetic field in order to confine plasma and generate energy. [1] As of 2015, tokamak devices are leading candidates for the construction of a ...
A tokamak (/ ˈ t oʊ k ə m æ k /; Russian: токамáк) is a device which uses a powerful magnetic field generated by external magnets to confine plasma in the shape of an axially symmetrical torus. [1] The tokamak is one of several types of magnetic confinement devices being developed to produce controlled thermonuclear fusion power.