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People with inactive or latent TB will not develop symptoms, unless they develop active TB. “The hibernating bacteria in those individuals can recur and cause illness in that person, 10, 15, 20 ...
Effective TB treatment is difficult, due to the unusual structure and chemical composition of the mycobacterial cell wall, which hinders the entry of drugs and makes many antibiotics ineffective. [137] Active TB is best treated with combinations of several antibiotics to reduce the risk of the bacteria developing antibiotic resistance. [14]
Management of tuberculosis refers to techniques and procedures utilized for treating tuberculosis (TB), or simply a treatment plan for TB.. The medical standard for active TB is a short course treatment involving a combination of isoniazid, rifampicin (also known as Rifampin), pyrazinamide, and ethambutol for the first two months.
The medical history includes obtaining the symptoms of pulmonary TB: productive, prolonged cough of three or more weeks, chest pain, and hemoptysis.Systemic symptoms include low grade remittent fever, chills, night sweats, appetite loss, weight loss, easy fatiguability, and production of sputum that starts out mucoid but changes to purulent. [1]
[2] [3] Cigarette smokers are 25% more likely to have lung damage, and more severe damage, after cure of a TB infection. [5] People who cook with 3-4 stoves instead of 1-2 stoves are more likely to have lung damage. A lack of heating also increased how often symptoms occurred. Alcoholism also increased the risk of PTLD. Ambient air pollution ...
The probability of transmission will be related to the infectiousness of the person with TB, the environment where the exposure occurred, the duration of the exposure, and the susceptibility of the host. [6] In fact, "it isn't easy to catch TB. You need consistent exposure to the contagious person for a long time.
MDR-TB can become resistant to the major second-line TB drug groups: fluoroquinolones (moxifloxacin, ofloxacin) and injectable aminoglycoside or polypeptide drugs (amikacin, capreomycin, kanamycin). When MDR-TB is resistant to at least one drug from each group, it is classified as extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). [8]
Induration and erythema around injection site indicates previous exposure An example of a tuberculosis (TB) infection that comes under control: M. tuberculosis cells are engulfed by macrophages after being identified as foreign but, due to an immuno-escape mechanism peculiar to mycobacteria, [ 4 ] TB bacteria block the fusion of their enclosing ...