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Amphetamine was discovered as a chemical in 1887 by Lazăr Edeleanu, and then as a drug in the late 1920s. It exists as two enantiomers: [note 3] levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine. Amphetamine properly refers to a specific chemical, the racemic free base, which is equal parts of the two enantiomers in their pure amine forms. The term is ...
Although rare and not formally recognized, [18] [19] a condition known as Amphetamine Withdrawal Psychosis (AWP) may occur upon cessation of substituted amphetamine use and, as the name implies, involves psychosis that appears on withdrawal from substituted amphetamines. However, unlike similar disorders, in AWP, substituted amphetamines reduce ...
Duration of action: IR dosing: 3–6 hours [18] [23] ... Amphetamine withdrawal symptoms can include anxiety, drug craving, depressed mood, fatigue, ...
Severe withdrawal associated with dependence from recreational substituted amphetamine use can be difficult for a user to cope with. [10] [11] [12] Long-term use of certain substituted amphetamines, particularly methamphetamine, can reduce dopamine activity in the brain. [13] [4] Adderall- Prescribed Amphetamine
In some cases these substance-induced psychiatric disorders can persist long after detoxification from amphetamine, cocaine, opioid, and alcohol use, causing prolonged psychosis, anxiety or depression. A protracted withdrawal syndrome can occur with symptoms persisting for months to years after cessation of substance use.
Stimulant use disorder is a type of substance use disorder where the use of stimulants caused clinically significant impairment or distress. It is defined in the DSM-5 as "the continued use of amphetamine-type substances, cocaine, or other stimulants leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, from mild to severe". [1]
The comedown, or crashing (also "down", "low", or sometimes "crash"), is a phase of drug withdrawal that involves the deterioration in mood and energy that occurs when a psychoactive drug, typically a stimulant, [1] clears from the blood in the bloodstream.
The severity of withdrawal can vary from mild symptoms such as insomnia, trembling, and anxiety to severe and life-threatening symptoms such as alcoholic hallucinosis, delirium tremens, and autonomic instability. [9] [10] Withdrawal usually begins 6 to 24 hours after the last drink. [11] Symptoms are worst at 24 to 72 hours, and improve by ...
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