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Dysautonomia, autonomic failure, or autonomic dysfunction is a condition in which the autonomic nervous system (ANS) does not work properly. This condition may affect the functioning of the heart, bladder, intestines, sweat glands, pupils, and blood vessels. Dysautonomia has many causes, not all of which may be classified as neuropathic. [5]
Familial dysautonomia (FD), also known as Riley–Day syndrome, is a rare, [2] progressive, [3] recessive genetic disorder of the autonomic nervous system [2] that affects the development and survival of sensory, sympathetic, and some parasympathetic neurons in the autonomic and sensory nervous system.
MSA was first described in 1960 by Milton Shy and Glen Drager and was then known as Shy–Drager syndrome. [ 2 ] Many people affected by MSA experience dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system , which commonly manifests as orthostatic hypotension , impotence , loss of sweating , dry mouth and urinary retention and incontinence .
An online survey with 658 respondents found that, after diagnosis, more than 10% died within a year, 10% lived more than 7 years, and some live more than 10 years; [8] some people with Lewy body dementias live for 20 years. [2] Shorter life expectancy is more likely when visual hallucinations, abnormal gait, and variable cognition are present ...
HIDEA syndrome is a syndrome characterised by hypotonia, hypoventilation, intellectual disability, dysautonomia, epilepsy, and eye abnormalities. It is caused by the mutation of the P4HTM gene on chromosome 3.
Between 5% and 25% of diagnosed dementias in older adults are due to one of the Lewy body dementias. [14] [a] As of 2014, the Lewy body dementias affect about 1.3 million people in the US and 140,000 in the UK. [6] LBD usually develops after the age of 50. [8] Men are more likely to be diagnosed than women. [8]
Benign fasciculation syndrome (BFS) is characterized by fasciculation (twitching) of voluntary muscles in the body. [1] The twitching can occur in any voluntary muscle group but is most common in the eyelids, arms, hands, fingers, legs, and feet. The tongue can also be affected. The twitching may be occasional to continuous. [2]
Rasmussen syndrome or Rasmussen's encephalitis is a rare inflammatory neurological disease, characterized by frequent and severe seizures, loss of motor skills and speech, hemiparesis (weakness on one side of the body), encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), and dementia.