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Out of six members of the original Politburo during the October Revolution who lived until the Great Purge, Stalin himself was the only one who remained in the Soviet Union, alive. [37] Four of the other five were executed; the fifth, Leon Trotsky , had been forced into exile outside the Soviet Union in 1929, but was assassinated in Mexico by ...
Most frequently, the states and events which are studied and included in death toll estimates are the Holodomor and the Great Purge in the Soviet Union, the Great Chinese Famine and the Cultural Revolution in the People's Republic of China, and the Cambodian genocide in Democratic Kampuchea (now Cambodia). Estimates of individuals killed range ...
Purges of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union (Russian: "Чистка партийных рядов", chistka partiynykh ryadov, "cleansing of the party ranks") were Soviet political events, especially during the 1920s, [1] in which periodic reviews of members of the Communist Party were conducted by other members and the security organs to get rid of "undesirables". [2]
From August 1937 to October 1938, 353,513 people were arrested and 247,157 were shot in the national operations of NKVD. It is estimated that this would make up 34% of the total victims of the Great Purge. [4] Polish Operation of the NKVD ~111,091 killed [5] NKVD Order No. 00485; German Operation of the NKVD ~41,898 killed [6]
The Great Purge of 1936–1938 in the Soviet Union can be roughly divided into four periods: [1] October 1936 - February 1937 Reforming the security organizations, adopting official plans for purging the elites. March 1937 - June 1937 Purging the Elites; The higher powers then started to cut off heads of the poor.
The 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), popularly known as the Executed Congress (as the majority of those present at the Congress were arrested or executed during the Great Purge) was held from 26 January to 10 February 1934. The congress was attended by 1,225 delegates with a casting vote and 736 delegates with a ...
Russia was one of the major belligerents in the First World War: from August 1914 to December 1917, it fought on the Entente's side against the Central Powers. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Russian Empire was a great power in terms of its vast territory, population, and agricultural resources.
The Russian Revolution was inaugurated with the February Revolution in early 1917, in the midst of World War I. With the German Empire dealing major defeats on the war front, and increasing logistical problems in the rear causing shortages of bread and grain, the Russian Army was steadily losing morale, with large scale mutiny looming. [ 1 ]